Experimental study on the cycle life of electric vehicle battery systems

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0346

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, the factors that influence the cycle life of battery systems, such as the internal resistance, temperature, and the voltage difference between the cells, were systematically studied. We determined a fitting equation for the cycle life of battery systems and found that their discharge capacity showed an exponential decay. This characteristic can serve as a basis to predict and estimate the actual service life of battery systems. We also studied the capacity variation of battery cells for different discharge depths at different temperatures.

Key words: battery cells and systems, cycle life, internal resistance, cell voltage difference, life fit consistency

CLC Number:

Bin FAN, Chenglong JIANG, Chunjing LIN, Yupeng LI, Bayi YU, Jinjie ZHANG, Liang ZHANG, Mengyang GAO, Wei WANG, Kun XIE, Hong CHANG. Experimental study on the cycle life of electric vehicle battery systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 671-678.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Table 2

Fig. 13

References 12

1	杜祥琬. 能源革命-为了可持续发展的未来[J]. 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2014, 16(5): 1-8.
	DU X W. Energy revolution for sustainable future[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2014, 16(5): 1-8.
2	吴锋. 绿色二次电池材料的研究进展[J]. 中国材料进展, 2009, 28(7/8): 41-49.
	WU F. Progress in R&D of second battery materials[J]. Materials China, 2009, 28(7/8): 41-49.
3	王芳, 夏军. 电动汽车动力电池系统安全分析与设计[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016.
	WANG F, XIA J. Safety analysis and design of electric vehicle power battery system [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016.
4	王芳, 夏军. 电动汽车动力电池系统设计与制造技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2017.
	WANG F, XIA J. Design and manufacturing technology of electric vehicle power battery system[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016.
5	王芳, 樊彬, 刘仕强, 等. 车用动力电池循环寿命衰减的测试与拟合[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2012, 3(1): 71-76.
	WANG F, FAN B, LIU S, et al. Attenuation test and duplication of power battery's cycle life[J]. J Automotive Safety and Energy, 2012, 3(1): 71-76.
6	时玮. 动力锂离子电池组寿命影响因素及测试方法研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2013.
	SHI W. Study on life influencing factors and test methods of power lithium ion battery pack[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2013.
7	李然. 锂动力电池健康度评价与估算方法的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨理工大学, 2016.
	LI R. Study on health evaluation and estimation method of lithium power battery[D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2016.
8	黄海. 锂离子动力电池老化特性研究与循环寿命预测[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2016.
	HUANG H. Study on aging characteristics and cycle life prediction of lithium ion power battery[D]. Ji'nan: Shandong University, 2016.
9	田晟, 张剑锋, 张裕天, 等. 车用锂离子动力电池系统的循环寿命试验与拟合[J]. 汽车技术, 2016(11): 40-43.
	TIAN S, ZHANG J, ZHANG Y, et al. The cycle life test and fitting of lithium-ion power battery system for vehicle[J]. Automobile Technology, 2016(11): 40-43.
10	瞿毅, 韩婧, 蒲江, 等. 混合动力电池车用高功率电池组循环寿命性能研究[C]//中国汽车工程学会年会论文集, 2013: 158-161.
	QU Y, HAN J, PU J, et al. Research on cycle life performance of high power battery pack for hybrid electric vehicle[C]//Proceedings of annual meeting of China Society of Automotive Engineering, 2013: 158-161.
11	贾永强, 孙艳艳, 谢群鹏, 等. 单体不一致性对新能源客车电池寿命的影响[J]. 汽车科技, 2017(5): 90-95.
	JIA Y Q, SUN Y Y, XIE Q P, et al. The effect of cell inconsistency on the battery life of new energy buses[J]. Automobile Science & Technology, 2017(5): 90-95.
12	安富强, 张剑波, 黄俊, 等. 电动汽车用锂离子电池制备及其一致性演变分析[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2015, 36(4): 240-248.
	AN F Q, ZHANG J B, HUANG J, et al. Production of lithium-ion battery and uniformity evolution analysis[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2015, 36(4): 240-248.

对象	项目	参数
电池单体	正极材料	三元NCM
	负极材料	石墨
	结构形式	方形硬壳
	额定容量/A·h	37
	额定电压/V	3.7
	充电终止电压/V	4.2
	放电终止电压/V	3.0
电池系统	额定容量/A·h	37
	额定电压/V	310.8
	电压工作范围/V	252.0～352.8
	组合方式	1P84S

充放电		循环次数=0		循环次数=2500		功率损失增长率/%
充放电		功率损失/W	功率损失率/%	功率损失/W	功率损失率/%	功率损失增长率/%
20 A·h	10 s cha	52.0	0.83	64.0	1.03	0.20
20 A·h	10 s dch	48.0	0.77	60.0	0.96	0.19
120 A·h	10 s cha	1656.0	4.43	2124.0	5.68	1.25
120 A·h	10 s dch	1627.2	4.35	2171.5	5.81	1.46

[1]	Qingwei ZHU, Xiaoli YU, Qichao WU, Yidan XU, Fenfang CHEN, Rui HUANG. Semi-empirical degradation model of lithium-ion battery with high energy density [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2324-2331.
[2]	Kang PENG, Junmin LIU, Gonggen TANG, Zhengjin YANG, Tongwen XU. Status and prospects of organic eletroactive species for aqueous organic redox flow batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1246-1263.
[3]	Yongli HENG, Zhenyi GU, Jinzhi GUO, Xinglong WU. Na₃V₂（PO₄）₃@C cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 938-944.
[4]	Min'an YANG, Ning CHEN, Bo WANG, Qian ZHANG, Jingpei CHEN, Hailei ZHAO, Fushen LI. Gene law about cycle stability of cathode material for lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 462-469.
[5]	Mengdie YAN, Hui LI, Min LING, Huilin PAN, Qiang ZHANG. Brief review of progress in lithium-sulfur batteries based on dissolution-deposition reactions [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1606-1613.
[6]	HUANG Weiguo, WANG Pengwei, CHEN Li, XU Zhibin, ZHOU Zhixue, LIU Xiaowei, WANG Qingshan, LI Yan. Study on the effect of electrode lugs arrangement on the performance of AGM lead-carbon batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(4): 1060-1065.
[7]	LIU Shiqiang, WANG Fang, MA Tianyi, LIN Chunjing, BAI Guangli, WEI Zhen, CHEN Liduo. Cycle life test and analysis of lithium iron phosphate based traction batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 638-644.
[8]	XU Min, LIU Zhongcai, YAN Xiao, HUANG Bixiong, WANG Ying, WANG Jionggeng. Online detection method for incremental capacity internal resistance consistency [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(6): 1197-1203.
[9]	XUE Yawen, XIE Mengru, LI Jindong, XIONG Rui, YUAN Du, GUO Zhigang, DENG Chengzhi, WU Xu. Recent progresses and prospects of lead redox flow battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(6): 1096-1106.
[10]	CHEN Liduo, JI Dengyue, XU Yue, ZHANG Jinjie, MA Tianyi, WEI Mohan. Research and characterization of pulse charging strategy for lithium-ion traction battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(6): 1182-1189.
[11]	CHEN Liduo, MA Tianyi, MA Xu, JI Dengyue, SUN Zhipeng, ZHANG Dongying. The corresponding relationship of cycle life for LIB from three-dimensional [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(5): 843-849.
[12]	HUANG Wei, WEN Hua, LI Yasheng. Measurements and application of thermal characteristics of soft-packed NCM lithium-ion power battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(2): 284-291.
[13]	Lyu Yangmeng, ZHU Ziwei, LIU Baoquan. A calculation method for estimating internal resistance of battery online [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(2): 264-268.
[14]	LUO Hongbin, DENG Linwang, FENG Tianyu, LV Chun. The relationship between internal resistance and discharge rate of LiFePO4 batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(4): 799-805.
[15]	ZHONG Guobin, ZHOU Fangfang, SU Wei, WEI Zengfu, LIU Xuewu. Study on the characteristics of second life LiFePO₄ batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2015, 4(1): 78-82.