Challenges and solutions of lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxide cathode materials

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0402

Abstract

Abstract:

The rapid development of electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has put forward higher requirements on the energy density and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries. Cathode material is one of the most critical parts in determining the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LMLOs) are considered to be the most promising cathode materials for next-generation power batteries due to their high specific capacity (>250 mA·h/g), high work voltage, low cost and high safety. However, low initial coulombic efficiency, severe voltage fading, and poor cycle and rate performance prevent their practical application. This review summarizes the causes of the above-mentioned problems, including irreversible oxygen release, irreversible transformation from layered structure to spinel phase, and migration and valence change of transition metal ions. What’s more, some typical solutions reported by domestic and overseas researchers in recent years are also summarized from the following four aspects: surface coating, surface/bulk doping, crystal-facet control, and surface integrated structure, respectively.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxide, structural evolution, voltage fading, cathode materials

CLC Number:

TM 911

Zuhao ZHANG, Xiaokai DING, Dong LUO, Jiaxiang CUI, Huixian XIE, Chenyu LIU, Zhan LIN. Challenges and solutions of lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxide cathode materials[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 408-424.

Figures/Tables 3

References 97

1	GOODENOUGH J B. Energy storage materials: A perspective[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2015, 1: 158-161.
2	KALLURI S, YOON M, JO M, et al. Surface engineering strategies of layered LiCoO₂cathode material to realize high-energy and high-voltage Li-ion cells[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7 (1): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201601507.
3	ZHANG Z K, MCNALL B, KANAGARAJ A B, et al. Electrochemical characterization of LiMn₂O₄ nanowires fabricated by sol-gel for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries[J]. Materials Letters, 2020, 273: doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127923.
4	YAMADA A, CHUNG S C, HINOKUMA K. Optimized LiFePO₄ for lithium battery cathodes[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2001, 148 (3): A224-A229.
5	LUO D, FANG S H, TIAN Q H, et al. Uniform LiMO₂ assembled microspheres as superior cycle stability cathode materials for high energy and power Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3 (44): 22026-22030.
6	WANG J, HE X, PAILLARD E, et al. Lithium‐ and manganese‐rich oxide cathode materials for high‐energy lithium ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 6(21): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201600906.
7	NUMATA K, SAKAKI C, YAMANAKA S. Synthesis and characterization of layer structured solid solutions in the system of LiCoO₂-Li₂MnO₃[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1999, 117(3/4): 257-263.
8	NUMATA K, SAKAKI C, YAMANAKA S. Synthesis of solid solutions in a system of LiCoO₂-Li₂MnO₃ for cathode material of secondary lithium batteries[J]. Chemistry Letters, 1997, 8(8): 725-726.
9	ZUO Y, LI B, JIANG N, et al. A high‐capacity O₂‐type Li‐rich cathode material with a single‐layer Li₂MnO₃ superstructure[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30 (16): doi: 10.1002/adma.201707255.
10	ZHENG J, MYEONG S, CHO W, et al. Li‐ and Mn‐rich cathode materials: Challenges to commercialization[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 7 (6): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201601284.
11	SATHIYA M, ABAKUMOV A M, FOIX D, et al. Origin of voltage decay in high-capacity layered oxide electrodes[J]. Nature Materials, 2015, 14 (2): 230-238.
12	KLEINER K, STREHLE B, BAKER A R, et al. Origin of high capacity and poor cycling stability of Li-rich layered oxides: A long-duration in situ synchrotron powder diffraction study[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 30(11): 3656-3667.
13	XIAO B, WANG P B, ZHANG B, et al. Effect of MgO and TiO₂ coating on the electrochemical performance of Li‐rich cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries[J]. Energy Technology, 2019, 7(8): doi: 10.1002/ente.201800829.
14	CHONG S, CHEN Y, YAN W, et al. Suppressing capacity fading and voltage decay of Li-rich layered cathode material by a surface nano-protective layer of CoF₂ for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 332: 230-239.
15	HU E, YU X, LIN R, et al. Evolution of redox couples in Li-and Mn-rich cathode materials and mitigation of voltage fade by reducing oxygen release[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3(8): 690-698.
16	YU X, LYU Y, GU L, et al. Understanding the rate capability of high-energy-density Li-rich layered Li_1.2Ni_0.15Co_0.1Mn_0.55O₂ cathode materials[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2014, 4(5): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201300950.
17	ATES M N, MUKERJEE S, ABRAHAM K M. A Li-rich layered cathode material with enhanced structural stability and rate capability for Li-on batteries[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2014, 161(3): A355-A363.
18	ZHENG J, SHI W, GU M, et al. Electrochemical kinetics and performance of layered composite cathode material Li[Li_0.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6]O₂[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2013, 160(11): A2212-A2219.
19	YANG J, LI P, ZHONG F, et al. Suppressing voltage fading of Li‐rich oxide cathode via building a well‐protected and partially‐protonated surface by polyacrylic acid binder for cycle‐stable Li‐ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2020, 10(15): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201904264.
20	XU Z, CI L, YUAN Y, et al. Potassium prussian blue-coated Li-rich cathode with enhanced lithium ion storage property[J]. Nano Energy, 2020: doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104942.
21	DUAN J, TANG W, WANG R, et al. Inhibited voltage decay and enhanced electrochemical performance of the Li-rich layered Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂ cathode material by CeAlOδ surface coating modification[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 521: doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146504.
22	SU Y, YUAN F, CHEN L, et al. Enhanced high-temperature performance of Li-rich layered oxide via surface heterophase coating[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2020, 51: 39-47.
23	LIU P, ZHANG H, HE W, et al. Lithium deficiencies engineering in Li-rich layered oxide Li_1.098Mn_0.533Ni_0.113Co_0.138O₂ for high-stability cathode[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019, 141 (27): 10876-10882
24	DONG S, ZHOU Y, HAI C, et al. Understanding electrochemical performance improvement with Nb doping in lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 462: doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228185.
25	LIU S, LIU Z, SHEN X, et al. Surface doping to enhance structural integrity and performance of Li-rich layered oxide[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(31): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201802105.
26	LIU Y, WANG J, WU J, et al. 3D cube‐maze‐like Li‐rich layered cathodes assembled from 2D porous nanosheets for enhanced cycle stability and rate capability of lithium‐ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 10(5): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201903139.
27	MENG J, XU H, MA Q, et al. Precursor pre-oxidation enables highly exposed plane {010} for high-rate Li-rich layered oxide cathode materials[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2019, 309: 326-338.
28	MA Y, LIU P, XIE Q, et al. Double-shell Li-rich layered oxide hollow microspheres with sandwich-like carbon@spinel@layered@spinel@carbon shells as high-rate lithium ion battery cathode[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 59: 184-196.
29	WU B, YANG X, JIANG X, et al. Synchronous tailoring surface structure and chemical composition of Li-rich-layered oxide for high-energy lithium-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(37): doi: 10.1002/adfm.201803392.
30	QIU B, ZHANG M, WU L, et al. Gas-solid interfacial modification of oxygen activity in layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7(1): doi: 10.1038/ncomms12108.
31	LUO D, FANG S, YANG L, et al. Preparation of layered-spinel microsphere/reduced graphene oxide cathode materials for ultrafast charge-discharge lithium-ion batteries[J]. ChemSusChem, 2017, 10(24): 4845-4850.
32	XIA Q, ZHAO X, XU M, et al. A Li-rich layered@spinel@carbon heterostructured cathode material for high capacity and high rate lithium-ion batteries fabricated via an in situ synchronous carbonization-reduction method[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(7): 3995-4003.
33	CHEN L, SU Y, CHEN S, et al. Hierarchical Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ nanoplates with exposed {010} planes as high-performance cathode material for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(39): 6756-6760.
34	DING X, LUO D, CUI J, et al. An ultra-long-life lithium-rich Li_1.2Mn_0.6Ni_0.2O₂ cathode by three-in-one surface modification for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(20): 7778-7782.
35	ZHU Z, YU D, YANG Y, et al. Gradient Li-rich oxide cathode particles immunized against oxygen release by a molten salt treatment[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(12): 1049-1058.
36	YU H, ZHOU H. High-energy cathode materials (Li₂MnO₃-LiMO₂) for lithium-ion batteries[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2013, 4(8): 1268-1280.
37	YAN P, NIE A, ZHENG J, et al. Evolution of lattice structure and chemical composition of the surface reconstruction layer in Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ cathode material for lithium ion batteries[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(1): 514-522.
38	CROY J R, BALASUBRAMANIAN M, GALLAGHER K G, et al. Review of the US department of energy's "deep dive" effort to understand voltage fade in Li- and Mn-rich cathodes[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2015, 48(11): 2813-2821.
39	THACKERAY M M, JOHNSON C S, VAUGHEY J T, et al. Advances in manganese-oxide 'composite' electrodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2005, 15(23): 2257-2267.
40	KANG S H, KEMPGENS P, GREENBAUM S, et al. Interpreting the structural and electrochemical complexity of 0.5Li₂MnO₃·0.5LiMO₂electrodes for lithium batteries (M = Mn_0.5-xNi_0.5-xCo₂x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2007, 17(20): 2069-2077.
41	LANZ P, VILLEVIEILLE C, NOVÁK P. Ex situ and in situ raman microscopic investigation of the differences between stoichiometric LiMO₂ and high-energy xLi₂MnO₃·(1–x)LiMO₂ (M = Ni, Co, Mn)[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 130: 206-212.
42	JARVIS K A, DENG Z, ALLARD L F, et al. Atomic structure of a lithium-rich layered oxide material for lithium-ion batteries: evidence of a solid solution[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2011, 23(16): 3614-3621.
43	Xiao B, Sun X. Surface and subsurface reactions of lithium transition metal oxide cathode materials: An overview of the fundamental origins and remedying approaches[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(29): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201802057.
44	XIAO B, LIU H, CHEN N, et al. Size-mediated recurring spinel sub-nanodomains in Li- and Mn-rich layered cathode materials[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(34): 14313-14320.
45	ENYUAN H, XIQIAN Y, RUOQIAN L, et al. Evolution of redox couples in Li- and Mn-rich cathode materials and mitigation of voltage fade by reducing oxygen release[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3(8): 690-698.
46	XU J, SUN M, QIAO R, et al. Elucidating anionic oxygen activity in lithium-rich layered oxides[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03403-9.
47	YU H, SO Y G, KUWABARA A, et al. Crystalline grain interior configuration affects lithium migration kinetics in Li-rich layered oxide[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(5): 2907-2915.
48	KLEINER, KARIN, STREHLE, et al. Origin of high capacity and poor cycling stability of Li-rich layered oxides: a long-duration in situ synchrotron powder diffraction study[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 30(11): 3656-3667.
49	LUO K, ROBERTS M R, HAO R, et al. Charge-compensation in 3d-transition-metal-oxide intercalation cathodes through the generation of localized electron holes on oxygen[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2016, 8(7): 684-691.
50	PEREZ A J, JACQUET Q, BATUK D, et al. Approaching the limits of cationic and anionic electrochemical activity with the Li-rich layered rocksalt Li₃IrO₄[J]. Nature Energy, 2017, 2(12): 954-962.
51	ROZIER P, TARASCON J M. Review-Li-rich layered oxide cathodes for next-generation Li-ion batteries: Chances and challenges[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162(14): A2490-A2499.
52	ZHENG J, GU M, XIAO J, et al. Corrosion/fragmentation of layered composite cathode and related capacity/voltage fading during cycling process[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(8): 3824 -3830.
53	LI N, HWANG S, SUN M, et al. Unraveling the voltage decay phenomenon in Li-rich layered oxide cathode of no oxygen activity[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(47): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201902258.
54	NAYAK P K, ERICKSON E M, SCHIPPER F, et al. Review on challenges and recent advances in the electrochemical performance of high capacity Li‐ and Mn‐rich cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(8): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702397.
55	NAYAK P K, GRINBLAT J, LEVI E, et al. Remarkably improved electrochemical performance of Li- and Mn-rich cathodes upon substitution of Mn with Ni[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(5): 4309-4319.
56	SETENI B, RAPULENYANE N, NGILA J C, et al. Coating effect of LiFePO₄ and Al₂O₃ on Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂ cathode surface for lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 353: 210-220.
57	RASTGOO-DEYLAMI M, JAVANBAKHT M, OMIDVAR H. Enhanced performance of layered Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂ cathode material in Li-ion batteries using nanoscale surface coating with fluorine-doped anatase TiO₂[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2019, 331: 74-88.
58	XIE Y, CHEN S, LIN Z, et al. Enhanced electrochemical performance of Li-rich layered oxide, Li_1.2Mn_0.54Co_0.13Ni_0.13O₂, by surface modification derived from a MOF-assisted treatment[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2019, 99: 65-70.
59	JIN Y, XU Y, SUN X, et al. Electrochemically active MnO₂ coated Li_1.2Ni_0.18Co_0.04Mn_0.58O₂ cathode with highly improved initial coulombic efficiency[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2016, 384: 125-134.
60	GUO S, YU H, LIU P, et al. Surface coating of lithium-manganese-rich layered oxides with delaminated MnO₂ nanosheets as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, 2(12): 4422-4428.
61	HAN E, LI Y, ZHU L, et al. The effect of MgO coating on Li_1.17Mn_0.48Ni_0.23Co_0.12O₂ cathode material for lithium ion batteries[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2014, 255: 113-119.
62	ZHOU L, YIN Z, TIAN H, et al. Spinel-embedded and Li₃PO₄ modified Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ cathode materials for high-performance Li-ion battries[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 456: 763-770.
63	ZHAO T, LI L, CHEN R, et al. Design of surface protective layer of LiF/FeF₃ nanoparticles in Li-rich cathode for high-capacity Li-ion batteries[J]. Nano Energy, 2015, 15: 164-176.
64	ZHENG J, GU M, XIAO J, et al. Functioning mechanism of AlF₃ coating on the Li- and Mn-rich cathode materials[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26(22): 6320-6327.
65	HU S, LI Y, CHEN Y, et al. Insight of a phase compatible surface coating for long‐durable Li‐rich layered oxide cathode[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(34): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901795.
66	BAK S M, SHADIKE Z, LIN R Q, et al. In situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques for lithium-ion battery research[J]. NPG Asia Materials, 2018, 10(7): 563-580.
67	HUIMIAN L, HUAJUN G, ZHIXING W, et al. Improving rate capability and decelerating voltage decay of Li-rich layered oxide cathodes by chromium doping[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(24): 11109-11119.
68	LIU Y, ZHANG Z, GAO Y, et al. Mitigating the voltage decay and improving electrochemical properties of layered-spinel Li_1.1Ni_0.25Mn_0.75O_2.3 cathode material by Cr doping[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 657: 37-43.
69	WANG Y, YANG Z, QIAN Y, et al. New insights into improving rate performance of lithium‐rich cathode material[J]. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(26): 3915-3920.
70	YAN W, XIE Y, JIANG J, et al. Enhanced rate performance of Al-doped Li-rich layered cathode material via nucleation and post-solvothermal method[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 6(4): 4625-4632.
71	MA Q, LI R, ZHENG R, et al. Improving rate capability and decelerating voltage decay of Li-rich layered oxide cathodes via selenium doping to stabilize oxygen[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 331: 112-121.
72	YU R, WANG G, LIU M, et al. Mitigating voltage and capacity fading of lithium-rich layered cathodes by lanthanum doping[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 335: 65-75.
73	CHEN H, HU Q, HUANG Z, et al. Synthesis and electrochemical study of Zr-doped Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ as cathode material for Li-ion battery[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(1): 263-269.
74	ZHENG Z, GUO X D, ZHONG Y J, et al. Host structural stabilization of Li_1.232Mn_0.615Ni_0.154O₂ through K-doping attempt: toward superior electrochemical performances[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 188: 336-343.
75	LI Q, LI G, FU C, et al. K⁺-doped Li_1.2Mn_0.54Co_0.13Ni_0.13O₂: a novel cathode material with an enhanced cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2014, 6(13): 10330-10341.
76	NING D, ZHENG L, ZHANG Q, et al. Improving the electrochemical performances of Li-rich Li_1.20Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂ through a cooperative doping of Na⁺ and PO₄^3- with Na₃PO₄[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 375: 1-10.
77	LIU D, FAN X, LI Z, et al. A cation/anion co-doped Li_1.12Na_0.08Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O_1.95F_0.05 cathode for lithium ion batteries[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 58: 786-796.
78	ZHOU H, GUAN H, YIN C, et al. A potassium/chloride ion co-doped cathode material Li_1.18K_0.02Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O_1.98Cl_0.02 with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, 2019, 31 (1) : 572-580.
79	LIU Y, HE B, LI Q, et al. Relieving capacity decay and voltage fading of Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂ by Mg²⁺ and PO₄^3- dual doping[J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 2020, 130: doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2020.110923.
80	LIU S, LIU Z, SHEN X, et al. Surface doping to enhance structural integrity and performance of Li‐rich layered oxide[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(31): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201802105.
81	ZHANG X, CAO S, YU R, et al. Improving electrochemical performances of Li-rich layered Mn-based oxide cathodes through K₂Cr₂O₇ solution treatment[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019, 2(2): 1563-1571.
82	QING R P, SHI J L, XIAO D D, et al. Enhancing the kinetics of Li‐rich cathode materials through the pinning effects of gradient surface Na⁺ doping[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 6(6): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201501914.
83	ZHAO Y, LIU J, WANG S, et al. Surface structural transition induced by gradient polyanion‐doping in Li‐rich layered oxides: Implications for enhanced electrochemical performance[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(26): 4760-4767.
84	WEI G Z, LU X, KE F S, et al. Crystal habit-tuned nanoplate material of Li[Li_1/3-2x_/3NixMn_2/3-x_/3]O for high-rate performance lithium-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2010, 22(39): 4364-4367.
85	CHEN H, GREY C P. Molten salt synthesis and high rate performance of the "desert-rose" form of LiCoO₂[J]. Advanced Materials, 2008, 20(11): 2206-2210.
86	CHEN L, SU Y, CHEN S, et al. Hierarchical Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ nanoplates with exposed {010} planes as high-performance cathode material for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(39): 6756-6760.
87	ZHANG L, LI N, WU B, et al. Sphere-shaped hierarchical cathode with enhanced growth of nanocrystal planes for high-rate and cycling-stable Li-ion batteries[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(1): 656-661.
88	WEI W, CHEN L, PAN A, et al. Roles of surface structure and chemistry on electrochemical processes in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes[J]. Nano Energy, 2016, 30: 580-602.
89	XU B, FELL C R, CHI M, et al. Identifying surface structural changes in layered Li-excess nickel manganese oxides in high voltage lithium ion batteries: a joint experimental and theoretical study[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(6): 2223-2233.
90	MA Y, LIU P, XIE Q, et al. Double-shell Li-rich layered oxide hollow microspheres with sandwich-like carbon@spinel@layered@spinel@carbon shells as high-rate lithium ion battery cathode[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 59: 184-196.
91	WU B, YANG X, JIANG X, et al. Synchronous tailoring surface structure and chemical composition of Li-rich-layered oxide for high-energy lithium-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(37): doi: 10.1002/adfm.201803392.
92	LIN Z, LUO D, DING X, et al. Accurate control of initial coulombic efficiency for Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides by surface multicomponent integration[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, doi: 10.1002/anie.202010531.
93	SATHIYA M, ABAKUMOV A M, FOIX D, et al. Origin of voltage decay in high-capacity layered oxide electrodes[J]. Nature Materials, 2015, 14(2): 230-238.
94	MCCALLA E, ABAKUMOV A M, SAUBANERE M, et al. Visualization of O-O peroxo-like dimers in high-capacity layered oxides for Li-ion batteries[J]. Science, 2015, 350(6267): 1516-1521.
95	LEE J, URBAN A, LI X, et al. Unlocking the potential of cation-disordered oxides for rechargeable lithium batteries[J]. Science, 2014, 343(6170): 519-522.
96	ZHOU Y N, MA J, HU E, et al. Tuning charge-discharge induced unit cell breathing in layer-structured cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5: doi:10.1038/ncomms6381.
97	JAMES A, GOODENOUGH J B. Structure and bonding in Li₂MoO₃ and Li₂-xMoO₃ (0≤x≤1.7)[J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1988, 76(1): 87-96.

[1]	Xianxi LIU, Anliang SUN, Chuan TIAN. Research on liquid cooling and heat dissipation of lithium-ion battery pack based on bionic wings vein channel cold plate [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2266-2273.
[2]	Jianxiang DENG, Jinliang ZHAO, Chengde HUANG. High energy density lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2092-2102.
[3]	OU Yu, HOU Wenhui, LIU Kai. Research progress of smart safety electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1772-1787.
[4]	HAN Junwei, XIAO Jing, TAO Ying, KONG Debin, LV Wei, YANG Quanhong. Compact energy storage： Methodology with graphenes and the applications [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1865-1873.
[5]	Lei LI, Zhao LI, Dan JI, Huichang NIU. Overcharge induced thermal runaway behaviors of pouch-type lithium-ion batteries with LFP and NCM cathodes： the differences and reasons [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1419-1427.
[6]	Ce ZHANG, Siwu LI, Jia XIE. Research progress on the prelithiation technology of alloy-type anodes [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1383-1400.
[7]	Chang SUN, Zerong DENG, Ningbo JIANG, Lulu ZHANG, Hui FANG, Xuelin YANG. Recent research progress of sodium vanadium fluorophosphate as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1184-1200.
[8]	Nan LIN, Ulrike KREWER, Jochen ZAUSCH, Konrad STEINER, Haibo LIN, Shouhua FENG. Development and application of multiphysics models for electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1149-1164.
[9]	Hongzhang ZHU, Chuanping WU, Tiannian ZHOU, Jie DENG. Thermal runaway characteristics of LiFePO₄ and ternary lithium batteries with external overheating [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 201-210.
[10]	Lianbing LI, Sijia LI, Jie LI, Kun SUN, Zhengping WANG, Haiyue YANG, Bing GAO, Shaobo YANG. RUL prediction of lithium-ion battery based on differential voltage and Elman neural network [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2373-2384.
[11]	Dajin LIU, Qiang WU, Renjie HE, Chuang YU, Jia XIE, Shijie CHENG. Research progress of biopolymers in Si anodes for lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2156-2168.
[12]	Mengyu TIAN, Yuanjie ZHAN, Yong YAN, Xuejie HUANG. Replenishment technology of the lithium ion battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 800-812.
[13]	Qiang CHEN, Min LI, Jingfa LI. Application of Prussian blue analogs and their derivatives in potassium ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 1002-1015.
[14]	Yongli HENG, Zhenyi GU, Jinzhi GUO, Xinglong WU. Na₃V₂（PO₄）₃@C cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 938-944.
[15]	Min'an YANG, Ning CHEN, Bo WANG, Qian ZHANG, Jingpei CHEN, Hailei ZHAO, Fushen LI. Gene law about cycle stability of cathode material for lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 462-469.