UK policy mechanisms and business models for energy storage and their applications to China

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0290

Abstract

Abstract:

The rise and development of energy storage are inseparable from policy encouragement and mechanism support. The United Kingdom (UK) has a mature electricity market that provides the foundation and conditions for building an energy storage business model. In recent years, the UK also revised the policies and market rules that restrict the development of energy storage, gradually clearing away the obstacles to its large-scale application and participation in the power market. Obstacles are worth learning for China. This study first sorts out the status quo of energy storage in the UK and then analyzes this status quo from the aspects of market development focus, participant types, and project scale. The UK's energy storage is then analyzed in detail from the aspects of financial support and system reform, policy incentives, and rule revisions in terms of technological innovation, planning approval system, energy storage asset attribute definition, shared site rules, auxiliary service market, capacity market, and balance mechanism. Finally, based on the adjustment of policies and market rules, this study sorts out the sources of income and business models of UK energy storage projects and summarizes the enlightenment of British experience to our country.

Key words: energy storage, policy, electricity market, business model

CLC Number:

TK 9

Huan ZHU, Jianxiang XU, Guojing LIU, Fen YUE, Zhenhua YU, Xing ZHANG. UK policy mechanisms and business models for energy storage and their applications to China[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 370-378.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

References 24

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储能系统的最小时长/h	2018/19 T-1	2021/22 T-4
0.5	21.34%	17.89%
1	40.41%	36.44%
1.5	55.95%	52.28%
2	68.05%	64.79%
2.5	77.27%	75.47%
3	82.63%	82.03%
3.5	85.74%	85.74%
≥4	96.11%	96.11%

中标方	预期开展时间	中标规模/MW	四年内项目可获得的总收益/10⁶ GBP	调频服务中标价格/GBP/(MW·h)]	项目建设地点
EDF Energy Renewables	2017.12	49	12.03	7	西伯顿天然气火电站
Vattenfall	2017.4	22	5.75	7.4	南威尔士Welsh Peny Cymoedd风电场
E.ON UK	2017.11	10	3.89	11.09	Blackburn Meadow热电联产电站
Low Carbon Storage Investment	2017.12	10	2.68	7.94	克里特市
Low Carbon Storage Investment	2018.03	40	12.67	9.38	Glassenbury
Element Power	2018.02	25	10.08	11.49	谢菲尔德市
Belectric	2017.10	10	4.2	11.97	Nevendon
Renewable Energy Systems	2018.02	35	14.65	11.93	RESEFR7-PT

项目	试运行期间(2020年秋)	正式运行期间(2021)
采购时间	日前	日前
产品类型	低频	低频和高频分别采购
周期	24 h合同	电力远期协议时间模块^①
容量空间	低频最高500 MW	低频和高频，最高1000 MW
是否允许叠加	不允许与现有响应产品/备用产品叠加	允许与新的一套频率响应产品进行效益叠加

市场类别	主要收益来源	进入市场的方式	市场容量	接入点
频率响应	增强型频率响应	投标(辅助服务)	200～700 MW	输电网络，配电网络
	固定频率响应	投标(辅助服务)	2000～3000 MW	输电网络，配电网络，需求响应或用户侧
	动态遏制	投标(辅助服务)	500 MW～1.4 GW	输电网络，配电网络
	需求侧响应	投标(辅助服务)	—	需求响应或用户侧
备用	快速储备容量	投标(平衡服务)	百MW	输电网络，配电网络，需求响应或用户侧
	用户备用功率	合同	—	需求响应或用户侧
	短期运行储备容量 (发电容量或负荷削减量)	投标(平衡服务)	2～4 GW	输电网络，配电网络，需求响应或用户侧
	容量市场	投标-容量拍卖	GWs	输电网络，配电网络
时移/套利	输电成本避免	市场机制/成本避免	GWs	配电网络，需求响应或用户侧
	配电成本避免	市场机制/成本避免	GWs	配电网络，需求响应或用户侧
	发电商“自用”	通过电价或成本避免参与市场	GWs	需求响应或用户侧，与可再生能源共享站址
	发电商弃电	通过电价或补贴或避免改造费用支出参与市场	GWs	需求响应或用户侧，与可再生能源共享站址
	价格套利	利用电价波动参与市场	GWs	输电网络，配电网络，需求响应或用户侧，与可再生能源共享站址

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