Numerical analysis of inhibition of lithium dendrite growth by heating and pulse charging

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0629

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium is considered a battery anode material with high theoretical energy. However, the growth of lithium dendrites can connect the positive and negative poles, causing disasters, such as explosions. Therefore, the inhibition of lithium dendrite is essential to improve the safety of lithium metal batteries. Herein, the dendrite morphology and temperature field distribution under different initial conditions are studied by coupling the nonlinear phase-field model with a thermal model. As the reaction progresses, the temperature of the lithium dendrite region exceeds that of the electrolyte region due to exothermic reaction, and a temperature gradient is formed at the interface between the lithium dendrite and electrolyte region. Then, the morphology characteristics of lithium dendrites at different temperatures were studied and the inhibition effect was quantified. It was found that the lower the temperature, the longer the lithium dendrites, the more the number of lithium dendrites, and the more the side branches are generated during charging, and thus the more likely "dead lithium" is formed during discharge. The dendrite length and morphology at different charging frequencies were analyzed by changing the frequency of the pulse current. The results show that a 5 ms pulse followed by a 10 ms rest period is the appropriate frequency for restraining lithium dendrites, and a relatively uniform deposition surface can be obtained at this frequency. By investigating the average dendrites growth rate under different overpotential and diffusion coefficients, a dimensionless number Da is introduced to illustrate the competition between diffusion and electrode reaction. It can be concluded that reducing the difference between the reaction and diffusion rates is a necessary condition for restraining lithium dendrites.

Key words: phase-field model, electrodeposition, lithium dendrite, pulse current, temperature

CLC Number:

TM 912

Dongge QIAO, Xunliang LIU, Zhi WEN, Ruifeng DOU, Wenning ZHOU. Numerical analysis of inhibition of lithium dendrite growth by heating and pulse charging[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 1008-1018.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

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参数	数值	参考文献
界面迁移率L_σ	2.5×10^-6 m³/(J·s)	[28, 30]
反应常数L_η	1.0 s^-1	[28, 30]
势垒高度W_ξ	3.75×10⁵ J·m³	[28, 30]
梯度能系数κ	5×10^-5 J/m	[28, 30]
电极中Li⁺扩散系数D^s	7.5×10^-13 m²/s	[28, 30]
电解液中Li⁺扩散系数D^l	7.5×10^-10 m²/s	[28, 30]
电极电导率σ^s	1.0×10⁷ S/m	[28, 30]
电解液电导率σ^l	1.0 S/m	[28, 30]
电极比热容c_p_s	3600 J/(kg·K)	—
电解液比热容c_p_l	1200 J/(kg·K)	[29, 32]
电极质量密度ρ_s	590 kg/m³	—
电解液质量密度ρ_l	1290 kg/m³	[29, 32]
电极热导率λ^s	84.8 W/(m·K)	—
电解液热导率λ^l	0.45 W/(m·K)	[29, 32]
对称因子α	0.5	[28, 30]
各向异性强度δ	0.05	[28, 30]
各向异性模数ω	4	[28, 30]
锂体积浓度c₀	1×10³ mol/m³	[28, 30]
锂物质的量浓度c_s	7.64×10⁴ mol/m³	[28, 30]
活化能E_d	3.3×10⁴ J/mol	[29, 31-32]

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