The effect of water mist strategies on thermal runaway fire suppression of large-capacity NCM lithium-ion battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0750

Abstract

Abstract:

Among power batteries, large-capacity NCM lithium-ion batteries have a large output and a high risk of thermal runaway. The research on using water mist to suppress thermal runaway fire has attracted wide attention. Herein, a 150 Ah large-capacity NCM lithium-ion battery is used with a 10-MPa water mist to adopt continuous and intermittent spray strategies for the thermal runaway fire suppression experiment. The influence of parameters on the thermal runaway behavior, such as different release times, a period of pulse, duty cycle, temperature, heat production rate, and other experimental results, were compared and analyzed. The results show that, compared with ordinary capacity batteries, the thermal runaway of large-capacity NCM lithium-ion batteries repeatedly occurs with intense combustion behavior, considerably increasing the temperature. However, water mist has an apparent fire suppression effect on the large-capacity NCM lithium-ion batteries. The longer the release time, the better the fire suppression and cooling effect. However, the continuous spray strategy still has a reignition phenomenon, and with the increase in release time, the increase of cooling efficiency gradually slows down. For large-capacity NCM lithium-ion batteries, the thermal runaway fire suppression ability of the intermittent spray strategy is better than that of the continuous spray strategy, which can quickly extinguish open flame without reignition and effectively reduce the heat production rate and the maximum temperature of the battery surface. Under the studied conditions, when the duty cycle is 0.3, the optimal cooling effect for the pulse water mist is at a water consumption of 10 L in a period of 10 s. Compared with the continuous spray under the same water consumption, the heat generation rate decreased by 28%, and the maximum temperature of the battery surface dropped by 176 ℃. This study can provide a reference for the design of fire-extinguishing facilities of large-capacity NCM power battery systems.

Key words: NCM lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, water mist, continuous spray, intermittent spray

CLC Number:

TM 912

Luhao HAN, Ziyang WANG, Xiaolong HE, Chunshan HE, Xiaolong SHI, Bin YAO. The effect of water mist strategies on thermal runaway fire suppression of large-capacity NCM lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1664-1674.

Figures/Tables 8

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序号	周期t_T/s	占空系数DC	总释放时间t_total/s	耗水量V/L
1	\	\	\	\
2	\	\	20/30/40	5.0/7.5/10.0
3	40/20/10/5	0.5	40	10.0
4	10	0.2/0.3/0.4/0.5/0.6/0.7/0.8/0.9	40	10.0

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