Research progress of new fluorinated compounds in lithium-ion battery electrolytes

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0401

Abstract

Abstract:

The proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has led to the pressing need for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with enhanced energy density and safety. The utilization of wide-electrochemical window electrolytes with non-combustible properties is crucial in achieving the desired battery characteristics. However, conventional carbonate electrolytes suffer from a narrow electrochemical window and easy combustion, consequently limiting the development of high-energy density and -safety batteries. Incorporating fluorinated compounds into electrolytes can improve the film formation, oxidation stability, and combustibility of electrolytes and effectively enhance the overall battery performance. This review paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in the utilization of new fluorinated compounds as lithium salts and solvents in LIB electrolytes. First, the properties of three new fluorinated lithium salts are presented in terms of thermal and electrochemical stabilities, film formation, and passivation ability for aluminum collectors. Next, the physicochemical properties of carbonate, carboxylic acid esters, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, and other solvents before and after fluoridation are compared along with the improvements in the ionic conductivity, interfacial formation ability, oxidation resistance, wide temperature performance, and flammability of electrolytes. Focusing on the application of some new fluorocarbonates, fluorinated ethers, and fluorinated aromatic hydrocarbon solvents to LIB electrolytes, we then finally summarize the scientific challenges and the limitations associated with the development and application of fluorine-containing compounds, providing an outlook on their future prospects in LIB electrolyte systems.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, electrolyte, lithium salt, organic solvent, fluorinated compound

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Xinlan WANG, Ziqi ZENG, Han ZHANG, Sheng LEI, Jia XIE. Research progress of new fluorinated compounds in lithium-ion battery electrolytes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3075-3086.

Figures/Tables 5

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Table 1

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溶剂	熔点T_m/℃	沸点T_b/℃	密度 ρ (25 ℃)/(g/cm³)	相对介电常数 ε_r (20 ℃)	黏度 η (20℃)/(×10^-3 Pa·s)
碳酸乙烯酯	37.5	238	1.321	90.5(40 ℃)	1.94(40 ℃)
氟代碳酸乙烯酯	20	210	1.48	79.7	4.4/2.3(40 ℃)
双氟代碳酸乙烯酯	8.5	129	1.52	35.4	2.7
三氟代碳酸乙烯酯	-54.5	91	1.6	18	1.28
碳酸二乙酯	-75	126	0.975	2.8	0.82
氟代碳酸二乙酯	—	135	1.06	7.5	1.21
四氟代碳酸二乙酯	-28.5	127.5	1.18	8.3	1.87

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