Summary of research on power storage technology based on heat pump at home and abroad

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0938

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the strategic goal of "double carbon," renewable energy power generation, including solar and wind energy, has experienced steady growth. However, the existing technology faces challenges in supporting the increasing consumption of renewable energy, necessitating large-scale energy storage devices to ensure the stable operation of the power grid. Pumped thermal energy storage(PTES)technology is a promising solution, offering high efficiency, high energy storage density, and flexible on-demand construction. Compared to other large-scale energy storage technologies under development, PTES demonstrates superior research value and application prospects. This paper begins outlining the working principle of PTES and categorizes it into power storage systems based on the Brayton cycle (three types) and systems based on the Rankine cycle. A comparison and summary of the technical characteristics of these two systems are provided. While the Brayton cycle-based system faces challenges related to high heat storage temperatures, the Rankine cycle-based system effectively reduces heat storage temperatures but introduces issues with high system pressure. Subsequently, the research status of the core components of PTES is outlined, along with the influence of storage tank arrangement and energy storage medium type on system efficiency. Comprehensive analysis reveals that current heat pump power storage technology research primarily focuses on the power storage system's process design and thermodynamic optimization analysis. PTES holds promise in power storage and exhibits potential in waste heat recovery and cogeneration. Establishing a multi-energy complementary system utilizing low-grade waste heat in various production and life scenarios can enhance PTES's efficiency in electricity, heat, and cold regulation and management within the energy system. This approach is anticipated to expedite the transition of China's energy system toward greener and lower carbon emissions.

Key words: renewable energy, energy storage technology, pumped thermal electricity storage

CLC Number:

TK 02

Jian SUN, Jianlong TAO, Yunrong HU, Xiaolong CAO, Yongping YANG. Summary of research on power storage technology based on heat pump at home and abroad[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1963-1976.

Figures/Tables 19

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储能技术	规模/MW	效率/%	成本/(USD/kWh)	能量密度/(Wh/kg)	存储时间/h	寿命/年	发展阶段
热泵储电	0.5~10	40~70	60	50~140	1~24+	25~30	研发
压缩空气储能	10~2700	40~70.5	2~200	3~60	1~24+	20~60	成熟
抽水储能	100~5000	65~85	164~233	0.5~1.5	1~24+	50~100	成熟
氢储能	1~8000	40~50	800~1200	40×10³	1~24+	20	研发-商用

材料	储存方式	循环效率
耐火砖^[20]	显热	66.7%
花岗岩,玄武岩	显热	72%^[21]，63.9%^[42]
砂砾^[30]	显热	70%
磁铁矿,铝铁矿	显热	47.67%^[56]，80%^[70]
熔盐+碳氢制冷剂^[28,39]	显热	65.6%
水^[18]	潜热	70%～200%
EPCMs^[70], PCMs^[71]	潜热	69.1%^[71]，84%～134%^[72]
NaNO₃+CaCl₂	潜热	63.1%^[66]

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