Study on The Response Characteristics of Cylindrical Power Lithium-ion Batteries under Impact Load

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0274

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, power lithium-ion batteries as one of the core components of new energy vehicles, have also received widespread attention for their safety. Studying the mechanical response characteristics and thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries under impact load is crucial for effectively preventing and controlling fire accidents caused by collisions in new energy vehicles. This article selects 21700 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries as the research object, and studies the safety performance of batteries under planar and cylindrical impacts through a self-built battery impact experimental platform. The temperature, voltage, and impact load characterization data of lithium-ion batteries are recorded, and the effects of impact height and the state of charge (SOC) on the mechanical response characteristics and thermal runaway behavior characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are analyzed. The results indicate that as the SOC of the battery increases, the impact resistance of the battery is improved; For the plane impact experiment, it can be considered that the ultimate strain of the battery is -0.206 and the ultimate impact stress is 13.49 MPa. For the cylindrical impact experiment, it can be considered that the ultimate strain of the battery is -0.253 and the ultimate impact stress is 33.58 MPa; The severity of battery thermal runaway is significantly related to the shape of the hammer, the impact height, and the battery's own state of charge. The cylindrical impact causes stronger damage to the battery, and as the impact height and battery SOC increase, the battery thermal runaway reaction becomes more severe. This study provides effective data support for the safety design of batteries and fire prevention and control of new energy vehicles.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery, Thermal runaway, Battery impact, Response characteristics

CLC Number:

TM 911

Shengxian HUANG, Huisheng XU, Qipeng WANG, Lu SONG, Linshuang ZHAO. Study on The Response Characteristics of Cylindrical Power Lithium-ion Batteries under Impact Load[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0274.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 2

Plane impact experiment of 0% SOC batteries"

高度/cm	$δ 1$ /mm	应变ε	最大冲击荷载/N	冲击应力/MPa	质量变化/g	电压变化/V	最大温升/℃
35	3.03	-0.144	2191.86	2.88	0.00	0.00	0.00
70	3.36	-0.160	5049.00	6.33	-0.02	-0.01	0.00
105	4.01	-0.191	7249.00	8.39	-0.03	-0.03	0.00
140	4.08	-0.194	9821.73	11.28	-0.02	0.02	0.00
175	4.32	-0.206	12049.00	13.49	-0.91	-1.67	28.63
200	5.89	-0.280	13947.37	13.66	-0.95	-2.70	59.08

Table 2

Table 3

Plane impact experiment of different SOC batteries"

高度/cm	SOC/%	$δ 1$ /mm	应变ε	冲击应力/MPa	电压变化/V	最大温升/℃
35	25	1.95	-0.093	3.54	0	0
	50	1.88	-0.090	3.61	0	0
	75	1.80	-0.086	3.68	0	0
	100	1.72	-0.082	3.76	0	0
70	25	2.68	-0.128	7.03	-0.02	0
	50	2.82	-0.134	6.86	0	0
	75	2.73	-0.130	6.97	-0.01	0
	100	2.70	-0.129	7.00	0	0
105	25	3.21	-0.153	9.28	0.04	0
	50	3.11	-0.148	9.42	0	0
	75	3.05	-0.145	9.50	0.02	0
	100	3.15	-0.150	9.36	0	0
140	25	3.20	-0.152	12.59	0.01	0
	50	3.25	-0.155	12.50	0	0
	75	3.36	-0.160	12.31	-0.02	0
	100	3.41	-0.162	12.23	0	0
175	25	4.12	-0.196	13.78	0.02	0
	50	4.15	-0.198	13.73	0	0
	75	4.06	-0.193	13.87	-0.02	0
	100	4.10	-0.195	13.81	0	0
200	25	5.18	-0.247	14.43	-3.75	59.20
	50	5.23	-0.249	14.37	-3.8	72.60
	75	4.75	-0.226	14.98	-3.97	193.0
	100	4.80	-0.229	14.91	-4.2	238.80

Table 3

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 4

Cylindrical impact experiment of 0% SOC batteries"

高度/cm	$δ 2$ /mm	应变ε	最大冲击载荷/N	冲击应力/MPa	质量变化/g	电压变化/V	最大温升/℃
35	3.98	-0.190	3799.00	18.97	0.00	0.00	0.00
70	5.10	-0.243	6353.35	26.61	-0.01	0.00	0.00
105	6.16	-0.293	7875.09	29.40	-0.01	0.00	0.00
140	6.76	-0.322	9197.94	32.71	-0.03	0.00	0.00
175	6.93	-0.330	10300.43	36.20	-0.955	-2.70	62.80
200	7.76	-0.370	11471.86	38.44	-1.05	-2.70	69.65

Table 4

Table 5

Cylindrical impact experiment of different SOC batteries"

高度/cm	SOC/%	$δ 2$ /mm	应变ε	冲击应力/MPa	电压变化/V	最大温升/℃
35	25	3.51	-0.167	20.89	0.00	0.00
	50	3.48	-0.166	21.03	0.00	0.00
	75	3.62	-0.172	20.39	0.00	0.00
	100	3.54	-0.169	20.75	0.00	0.00
70	25	4.70	-0.224	28.12	0.00	0.00
	50	4.63	-0.220	28.42	0.00	0.00
	75	4.41	-0.210	29.41	0.00	0.00
	100	4.20	-0.200	30.48	0.00	0.00
105	25	5.95	-0.283	29.98	0.00	0.00
	50	5.73	-0.273	30.66	0.00	0.00
	75	5.21	-0.248	32.53	0.00	0.00
	100	4.71	-0.224	34.81	0.00	0.00
140	25	5.91	-0.281	35.16	-3.75	463.00
	50	6.42	-0.306	33.58	-3.82	614.20
	75	5.54	-0.264	36.55	-3.97	647.70
	100	5.32	-0.253	37.49	-4.2	722.10
175	25	6.23	-0.297	38.22	-3.75	564.30
	50	6.56	-0.312	37.19	-3.82	638.20
	75	5.64	-0.269	40.48	-3.97	645.60
	100	5.62	-0.268	40.57	-4.2	596.40
200	25	7.21	-0.343	39.60	-3.75	630.50
	50	7.35	-0.350	39.27	-3.82	582.20
	75	6.83	-0.325	40.59	-3.97	712.50
	100	6.78	-0.323	40.74	-4.2	732.40

Table 5

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

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组分	材料	力学特性
集流体	铝箔、铜箔	各向异性、应变硬化、韧性断裂、速率相关性
活性材料	石墨活性材料	压力相关性
隔膜	多孔聚合物	正交各向异性、粘弹塑性、温度相关性
外壳	钢、铝	各向异性、应变硬化、韧性断裂

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