Hierarchical porous carbon via non-solvent phase inversion for enhancing electrochemical energy storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0320

Abstract

Abstract:

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials store charge through both electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, making them promising electrode candidates for supercapacitors. Their performance strongly depends on porosity and nitrogen-doping level. However, carbon materials often undergo structural collapse during calcination, leading to low porosity and large pore sizes, which hinder electrolyte ion transport and storage. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon materials with hierarchical porous structures were fabricated using a non-solvent phase inversion technique combined with a template method. Scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and porosity analyses, and electrochemical measurements were employed to investigate the structure-performance relationships of materials prepared with different methods and components. The macroporous structure provided rapid ion transport channels, while the abundant microporous and mesoporous structures offered ion storage sites and exposed additional nitrogen-doped active centers. Experimental results demonstrated that the sample prepared via non-solvent phase inversion with the addition of 100 mg of modified ZIF-8 particles (PC-PZ100) exhibited superior energy storage performance. The specific capacitance reached 766.0 F/g at 0.1 A/g. After 7000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention remained at 105.5%, indicating excellent cycling stability. When assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor, PC-PZ100 achieved an energy density of 18.5 Wh/kg at a power density of 249.5 W/kg, confirming its outstanding electrochemical energy storage capability.

Key words: hierarchical porous carbon, non-solvent phase inversion, nitrogen doping, supercapacitor

CLC Number:

TM 53

Zhongyun XU, Lixia YAN, Yu QIN, Jingxuan GUO. Hierarchical porous carbon via non-solvent phase inversion for enhancing electrochemical energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(11): 4112-4122.

Figures/Tables 10

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处理方式	PC	PC-PZ50	PC-PZ100	PC-PZ200	P-PZ	PC-Z8	(H)PC-PZ	(G)PC-PZ
使用前驱体(含量)	0	PZ(50 mg)	PZ(100 mg)	PZ(200 mg)	PZ(100 mg)	PZ(100 mg)	PZ(100 mg)	PZ(100 mg)
是否使用CNT	是	是	是	是	否	是	是	是
制备方法	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	◎
浸泡溶液	饱和NaCl	饱和NaCl	饱和NaCl	饱和NaCl	饱和NaCl	饱和NaCl	去离子水	无

Electrode material	Content of doped elements(at) /%	Specific surface area /(m²/g)	Specific capacitance /(F/g)	Ref.
N, P co-doped porous carbon	N-5.42 P-5.35	286.5	160 (1 A/g)	26
N, O co-doped carbon nanofibers	N-5.26 O-10.38	492.5	125.2 (1 A/g)	27
B, N co-doped carbon nanofibers	N-11.24 B-1.3	351.3	295 (0.5 A/g)	28
N, P co-doped carbon aerogel	pyridinic N and pyrrolic N-3.53	332.05	235 (0.5 A/g)	29
N, S, co-doped porous carbon	N-12.45 S-4.19	473	159 (1 A/g)	30
N, P co-doped carbon	N-5.18	461.61	227 (1 A/g)	31
N, co-doped carbon	N-13.93	365	326 (1 A/g)	32
PC-PZ100	N-13.33	356.99	315.1 (1 A/g)	This work

电阻值	PC	PC-PZ50	PC-PZ100	PC-PZ200	P-PZ
R1(Ω)	1.88	1.22	1.49	2.98	2.14
R2(Ω)	0.92	0.76	0.82	0.79	1.40