Review of the research on industrialization and applications of supercapacitors

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0522

Abstract

Abstract:

With the transformation of China's energy structure, the demand for energy storage devices with rapid response, high-frequency regulation, and intrinsic safety for the new power systems is increasing. Supercapacitors have attracted considerable attention owing to their advantages as energy storage devices, including their high power density, long cycle life, wide-temperature range of operation, and no safety hazards due to dendrite growth. This review systematically evaluates the technical systems and application progress of supercapacitors. In terms of cell research and development, the typical technical routes and performance of two types of electric double-layer supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors are analyzed. In terms of system applications, this review discusses the implementation of supercapacitors in several applications such as wind turbine pitch systems, energy storage in new energy systems, frequency modulation in thermal power plants, independent energy storage systems, and transportation. In addition, this review briefly discusses the use of supercapacitors in other applications such as kinetic energy recovery of power machinery (e.g., cranes), data center backup power systems, and power equipment. Finally, the challenges still facing supercapacitors in energy density, life cycle cost, and application scenarios are analyzed. Future research is discussed, focusing on its prioritization of three areas: developing new material systems, promoting the diversification of application scenarios, and innovating a "supercapacitor+" hybrid energy storage model. Finally, the review discusses the necessity of broadening the commercial application of supercapacitors in new power systems through system and scenario innovation with differentiated products.

Key words: supercapacitors, new power system, energy storage system, development trend

CLC Number:

TB 383

Xinkai SU, Lulu ZHAO, Yanqiao CHEN, Chu WANG, Huanjun CHEN, Yi JIN. Review of the research on industrialization and applications of supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 2994-3003.

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产品	体系	电压范围/V	能量密度/(Wh/kg)	功率密度/(W/kg)
A	AC/AC	0~3.0	7~9	20000~30000
B		0~2.7	6~8	12000~15000
C		0~3.0	7~9	20000~30000

产品	体系	电压范围/V	能量密度/(Wh/kg)	功率密度/(W/kg)
A	AC+LiFePO₄/硬碳+石墨	2.5~3.65	60~120	10000~20000
B	AC+锂氧化物/AC+Li₄Ti₅O₁₂	1.5~2.7	80~100	15000~20000
C	AC/硬碳+石墨	2.5~4.0	70~90	10000~20000
D	AC+LiFePO₄/硬碳+软碳	2.4~3.5	40~60	10000~12000
E	AC+锂氧化物/难石墨化碳	2.5~4.2	30~80	10000~20000
F	AC+锂氧化物/难石墨化碳	2.5~4.2	90~130	8000~15000

电厂名称	容量配置
电厂名称	超级电容	锂离子电池
大唐秦岭电厂	10 MW/10 min	10 MW/10 MWh
华能铜川电厂	5 MW/6 min	15 MW/15 MWh
华能阳逻电厂	6 MW/10 min	14 MW/14 MWh
华能罗源电厂	5 MW/5 min	15 MW/7.5 MWh
珠海金湾电厂	4 MW/10 min	16 MW/8 MWh
华能左权电厂	10 MW/6 min	10 MW/10 MWh
华能伊敏电厂	16 MW/10 min	—
华能武汉电厂	6 MW/10 min	14 MW/14 MWh
大唐鲁北电厂	4 MW/30 s	5 MW/5 MWh