Low temperature thermal safety performance of soft packaged lithium iron phosphate battery

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.02.012

Abstract

Abstract: In this study, the samples were soft packaged lithium iron phosphate cells, for the remaining capacity close to 80%. The safety performance of the low temperature -10 ℃ was studied. Compared the thermal runaway test results of the cells after the low temperature and room temperature cycling. The content of lithium and the thermal stability of the battery materials were analyzed. It showed that the capacity of cells cycled at the low temperature decreased rapidly. Differential thermal analysis and elemental analysis of electrode cell materials further showed that lithium metal appeared on the anode after low temperature cycling and the thermal stability of battery materials also changed. After an aging with full charge, all the cells after low temperature cycling produced gases, mainly CO and H₂. Compared with the fresh cells, the used cells with 80% remaining capacity shows obviously lower electrochemical and thermal safety performances. So the used soft package lithium iron phosphate cells should be avoided to run at low temperatures.

Key words: lithium ion battery, low temperature performance, lithium dendrite, thermal safety performance

CLC Number:

O646

WANG Suijun, FU Kai, GUAN Yibiao, LIU Shuguang, XU Bin, FAN Maosong. Low temperature thermal safety performance of soft packaged lithium iron phosphate battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(2): 204-209.

References

[1] AL-HALLAJ S,SELMAN J R. Thermal modeling of secondary lithium batteries for electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2002,110:341-348.
[2] AURBACH D,ZINIGRAD E,TELLER H,et al. Factors which limit the cycle life of rechargeable lithium (metal) batteries[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc.,2000,147(4):1274-1279.
[3] CHARLES R S,CHARLES R M. Nanostructured electrodes and the low-temperature performance of Li-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Materials,2005,17(1):125-128.
[4] HUANG C K,SAKAMOTO J S,WOLFENSTINE J. The limits of low-temperature performance of Li-ion cells[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2000,147(8):2893-2896.
[5] SMART M C,RATNAKUMAR B V,WHITCANACK L D,et al. Improved low-temperature performance of lithium-ion cells with quaternary carbonate-based electrolytes[J]. Journal of Powe Sources,2003,119/121:349-358.
[6] AURBACH,GAMOLSK Y K,MARKOVSKY B,et al. On the use of vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive to electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2002,47:1423-1439.
[7] JIANG Fan. On the discharge capability and its limiting factors of commercial 18650 Li-ion cell at low temperatures[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2003,117:170-178.
[8] AURBACH D,ZINIGRAD E,COHEN Y,et al. A short review of failure mechanisms of lithium metal and lithiated graphite anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions[J]. Solid State Ionics,2002,148(3/4):405-416.
[9] HONBO H,TAKEI K,ISHII Y,et al. Electrochemical properties and Li deposition morphologies of surface modified graphite after grinding[J]. J. Power Sources,2009,189:337-343.
[10] STEIGER J,KRAMER D,MÖNIG R. Microscopic observations of the formation, growth and shrinkage of lithium moss during electrodeposition and dissolution[J]. Electrochim. Acta,2014,136:529-536.
[11] LIU X H,ZHONG L,ZHANG L Q,et al. Lithium fiber growth on the anode in a nanowire lithium ion battery during charging[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett.,2011,98:183107.
[12] 朱建宇,冯捷敏,王宇晖,郭战胜. 锂离子电池用铜箔集流体的力学性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术,2014,3(4):360-363.
ZHU Jianyu,FENG Jiemin,WANG Yuhui,GUO Zhansheng. Mechanical properties of copper current collection foils of Li-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology,2014,3(4):360-363.
[13] 朱建宇,冯捷敏,郭战胜. 锂离子电池电极中锂枝晶的实时原位观测[J]. 储能科学与技术,2015,4(1):66-71.
ZHU Jianyu,FENG Jiemin,GUO Zhansheng. In situ observation of lithium dendrite on the electrode in a lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology,2015,4(1):66-71.
[14] DING F,XU W,GRAFF G L,et al. Dendrite-free lithium deposition via self-healing electrostatic shield mechanism[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2013,135:4450-4456.
[15] MAYERS M Z,KAMINSKI J W,MILLER T F. Suppression of dendrite formation via pulse charging in rechargeable lithium metal batteries[J] . J. Phys. Chem. C,2012,116:26214-26221.
[16] CHANDRASHEKAR S,TREASE N M,CHANG H J,et al. 7 Li MRI of Li batteries reveals location of microstructural lithium[J]. Nature Materials,2012,11:311-315.