Experimental study on high temperature thermal runaway of cylindrical high nickel ternary lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0164

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal safety is the main safety problem associated with lithium-ion batteries . High temperatures are extremely harmful to lithium batteries, affecting their service life and potentially endangering their safety. A ternary cylindrical high-nickel lithium-ion battery is the object of this study, and the heat–wait–seek mode of an adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter is used to study the thermal parameters of a lithium-ion battery when high-temperature thermal runaway occurs under five groups of operating conditions [state of charge (SOC) = 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%]. The experimental results show that 1) in a lithium-ion battery, the initial temperature of self-generated heat is minimally affected by the battery SOC and is mainly dependent on the solid electrolyte interface film decomposition, 2) the thermal runaway onset temperature tends to decrease as the SOC increases, and the reaction between the positive electrode and electrolyte produces heat, which is the main cause of thermal runaway, 3) the temperature at which the voltage line drop and safety valve damage occur during the thermal runaway process decreases as the battery SOC increases, and 4) the higher the SOC of the lithium-ion battery, the higher will be the maximum temperature in the thermal runaway process, the higher will be the rate of temperature increase, and the more severe will be the damage to the lithium-ion battery.

Key words: high nickel ternary lithium battery, different SOC, thermal runaway, thermal characteristic parameter

CLC Number:

X 932

DU Guangchao, ZHENG Lili, ZHANG Zhichao, WANG Dong, FENG Yan, DAI Zuoqiang. Experimental study on high temperature thermal runaway of cylindrical high nickel ternary lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 249-256.

Figures/Tables 13

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项目	数值
额定容量	2.5 A·h
额定电压	3.7 V
工作电压范围	3.0～4.2 V
工作温度范围	0～45 ℃

序号	参数	数值
1	实验开始温度	60 ℃
2	实验截止温度	500 ℃
3	温升步长	10 ℃
4	温升灵敏度	0.01 ℃/min
5	等待时间	5 min

工况	OCV/V	T_o/℃	T_电压/℃	T_安全阀/℃	T_c/℃	T_m/℃	dT/dt/℃·min^-1
0	3.43	144.5	151.3	167.5	217.3	255.5	1.9
25%	3.61	123.3	122.9	160.1	196.4	437.5	172.6
50%	3.70	123.6	150.5	152.0	189.6	569.5	354.2
75%	3.92	124	139.6	149.0	167.6	605.1	489.1
100%	4.15	105.6	120.1	134.5	161.9	658.1	565.9

工况	实验前/g	实验后/g	减重比/%
0	43.67	38.76	11.2
25%	43.62	37.51	14.0
50%	43.82	36.73	16.2
75%	43.76	22.59	48.4
100%	43.81	12.54	71.4

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