Development of strategies for high-energy-density lithium batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0050

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, various governments have proposed staged goals for the development of lithium batteries with high energy densities. The main challenge is to identify a balanced solution to satisfy energy density and other characteristics such as safety, cycle life, and rate capability. This paper analyzes the main problems and possible solutions considering the available cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator materials. A forward cell design is discussed.

Key words: high-energy densities, lithium batteries, balanced solution, materials, battery design

CLC Number:

TM 912

LI Wenjun, XU Hangyu, YANG Qi, LI Jiuming, ZHANG Zhenyu, WANG Shengbin, PENG Jiayue, ZHANG Bin, CHEN Xianglei, ZHANG Zhen, YANG Meng, ZHAO Yan, GENG Yaoyao, HUANG Wenshi, DING Zepeng, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Qiyou, YU Huigen, LI Hong. Development of strategies for high-energy-density lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 448-478.

Figures/Tables 13

References 105

1	李泓 . 锂离子电池基础科学问题(XV)——总结和展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2015, (3): 76-88.
	LI Hong . Fundamental scientific aspects of lithium ion batteries (XV) ——Summary and outlook[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2015, 4(3): 306-318.
2	LIU L L , XU J , WANG S , et al . Practical evaluation of energy densities for sulfide solid-state batteries[J]. eTransportation, 2019, 1: doi: 10.1016/j.etran.2019.100010.
3	TARASCON J M , ARMAND M . Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries[M]. Materials for Sustainable Energy: A Collection of Peer-Reviewed Research and Review Articles from Nature Publishing Group. World Scientific. 2011: 171-179.
4	WANG L , CHEN B , MA J , et al . Reviving lithium cobalt oxide-based lithium secondary batteries-toward a higher energy density[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2018, 47(17): 6505-6602.
5	ZHANG J N , LI Q , OUYANG C , et al . Trace doping of multiple elements enables stable battery cycling of LiCoO₂ at 4.6 V[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(7): 594-603.
6	H-JNOH, YOUN S , YOON C S , et al . Comparison of the structural and electrochemical properties of layered Li[Ni _x Co _y Mn _z ]O₂ (x=1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.85) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 233: 121-130.
7	ZUO Y , LI B , JIANG N , et al . A high-capacity O₂-type li-rich cathode material with a single-layer Li₂MnO₃ superstructure[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(16):doi: 10.1002/adma.201707255.
8	LEE J, ZHANG Q , KIM J , et al . Controlled atomic solubility in Mn-rich composite material to achieve superior electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, doi: 10.1022/aenm.201902231 . doi: 10.1022/aenm.201902231
9	WANG L , WU Z , ZOU J , et al . Li-free cathode materials for high energy density lithium batteries[J]. Joule, 2019, doi: 10.1016 / j.joule.2019.07.011 . doi: 10.1016 / j.joule.2019.07.011
10	NITTA N , WU F , LEE J T, et al . Li-ion battery materials: Present and future[J]. Materials Today, 2015, 18(5): 252-264.
11	HWANG J , KIM K , JUNG W S , et al . Facile and scalable synthesis of SiO _x materials for Li-ion negative electrodes[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 436:doi: 10.1016 / j.jpowsour.2019.226883.
12	褚赓 . 锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院物理研究所, 2017.
	CHU Geng . Silicon-based anode materials for lithium ion battery[D]. Beijing: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017.
13	LIU X H , ZHONG L , HUANG S , et al . Size-dependent fracture of silicon nanoparticles during lithiation[J]. ACS Nano, 2012, 6(2): 1522-1531.
14	WANG D , GAO M , PAN H , et al . High performance amorphous-Si@SiO _x /C composite anode materials for Li-ion batteries derived from ball-milling and in situ carbonization[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 256: 190-199.
15	卢斌, 王辉, 胡仁宗, 等 . 纳米砂磨法制备SnO₂-CuO-Graphite复合负极材料及其电化学性能[C]//中国化学会第30届学术年会-第三十分会：化学电源, 2016.
	LU Bin , WANG Hui , HU Renzong , et al . Enhanced electrochemical performances of SnO₂-CuO-graphite anode by wet-phase bead milling[C]//The 30th academic annual meeting of Chinese Chemical Society-30th branch: Chemical Energy, 2016.
16	AL-TAAY H F , MAHDI M A , PARLEVLIET D , et al . Growth and characterization of silicon nanowires catalyzed by Zn metal via pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition[J]. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2014, 68: 90-100.
17	HOU X , ZHANG M , WANG J , et al . High yield and low-cost ball milling synthesis of nano-flake Si@SiO₂ with small crystalline grains and abundant grain boundaries as a superior anode for Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 639: 27-35.
18	LI Q , YI T , WANG X , et al . In-situ visualization of lithium plating in all-solid-state lithium-metal battery[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 63: doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103895.
19	XU Q , LI J Y , SUN J K , et al . Watermelon-inspired Si/C microspheres with hierarchical buffer structures for densely compacted lithium-ion battery anodes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7(3): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201601481.
20	YUN Q , HE Y B , LV W , et al . Chemical dealloying derived 3D porous current collector for Li metal anodes [J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(32): 6932-6939.
21	WANG H , LIN D , XIE J , et al . An interconnected channel-like framework as host for lithium metal composite anodes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(7): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201802720.
22	YUE X Y , LI X L , WANG W W , et al . Wettable carbon felt framework for high loading Li-metal composite anode[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 60: 257-266.
23	WU H , ZHANG Y , DENG Y , et al . A lightweight carbon nanofiber-based 3D structured matrix with high nitrogen-doping level for lithium metal anodes[J]. Science China Materials, 2019, 62(1): 87-94.
24	LIN K , QIN X , LIU M , et al . Ultrafine titanium nitride sheath decorated carbon nanofiber network enabling stable lithium metal anodes[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(46):doi: 10.1002/adfm.201903229.
25	LIU Y , QIN X , ZHANG S , et al . A scalable slurry process to fabricate a 3D lithiophilic and conductive framework for a high performance lithium metal anode[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2019, 7(21): 13225-13233.
26	ZHOU M , LYU Y, LIU Y , et al . Porous scaffold of TiO₂ for dendrite-free lithium metal anode[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 791: 364-370.
27	ZHANG Y J , WANG W , TANG H , et al . An ex-situ nitridation route to synthesize Li₃N-modified Li anodes for lithium secondary batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 277: 304-311.
28	LI Y , SUN Y , PEI A , et al . Robust pinhole-free Li₃N solid electrolyte grown from molten lithium[J]. ACS Central Science, 2018, 4(1): 97-104.
29	YAN C , CHENG X B , YAO Y X , et al . An armored mixed conductor interphase on a dendrite-free lithium-metal anode[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(45):doi:10.1002/adma.201804461.
30	XU R , ZHANG X Q , CHENG X B , et al . Artificial soft-rigid protective layer for dendrite-free lithium metal anode[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(8): doi: 10.1002/adfm.201705838.
31	ZHENG G , LEE S W, LIANG Z , et al . Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2014, 9(8): 618-623.
32	WANG L , ZHANG L , WANG Q , et al . Long lifespan lithium metal anodes enabled by Al₂O₃ sputter coating[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2018, 10: 16-23.
33	HU Z , ZHANG S , DONG S , et al . Poly(ethyl α-cyanoacrylate)-based artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer for enhanced interface stability of Li metal anodes[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2017, 29(11): 4682-4689.
34	EHTESHAMI N , EGUIA-BARRIO A , DE MEATZA I , et al . Adiponitrile-based electrolytes for high voltage, graphite-based Li-ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 397: 52-58.
35	GALLUS D R , SCHMITZ R , WAGNER R , et al . The influence of different conducting salts on the metal dissolution and capacity fading of NCM cathode material[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 134: 393-398.
36	JIANG L , WANG Q , SUN J . Electrochemical performance and thermal stability analysis of LiNi _x Co _y Mn _z O₂ cathode based on a composite safety electrolyte[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018, 351: 260-269.
37	ZHAO W , ZHENG G , LIN M , et al . Toward a stable solid-electrolyte-interfaces on nickel-rich cathodes: LiPO₂F₂ salt-type additive and its working mechanism for LiNi_0.5Mn_0.25Co_0.25O₂ cathodes[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 380: 149-157.
38	XIE B , ZUO P , WANG L , et al . Achieving long-life Prussian blue analogue cathode for Na-ion batteries via triple-cation lattice substitution and coordinated water capture[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 61: 201-210.
39	JIA H , ZOU L , GAO P , et al . High-performance silicon anodes enabled by nonflammable localized high-concentration electrolytes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(31): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201900784.
40	WANG W , YANG S . Enhanced overall electrochemical performance of silicon/carbon anode for lithium-ion batteries using fluoroethylene carbonate as an electrolyte additive[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 695: 3249-3255.
41	BROWN Z L , HEISKANEN S , LUCHT B L . Using triethyl phosphate to increase the solubility of LiNO₃ in carbonate electrolytes for improving the performance of the lithium metal anode[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2019, 166(12): A2523-A2527.
42	ZHENG J , ENGELHARD M H , MEI D , et al . Electrolyte additive enabled fast charging and stable cycling lithium metal batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2017, 2(3): doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.12.
43	CHEN S , ZHENG J , MEI D , et al . High-voltage lithium-metal batteries enabled by localized high-concentration electrolytes[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(21):doi: 10.1002/adma.201706102.
44	GENG Z , LU J , LI Q , et al . Lithium metal batteries capable of stable operation at elevated temperature[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2019, 23: 646-652.
45	CHEN L , FAN X , HU E , et al . Achieving high energy density through increasing the output voltage: A highly reversible 5.3 V battery[J]. Chem., 2019, 5(4): 896-912.
46	ZHAO W , ZHENG J , ZOU L , et al . High voltage operation of Ni-rich NMC cathodes enabled by stable electrode/electrolyte interphases[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(19):doi: 10.1002/aenm.201800297.
47	ZHU Y , LUO X , ZHI H , et al . Diethyl (thiophen-2-ylmethyl) phosphonate: A novel multifunctional electrolyte additive for high voltage batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6(23): 10990-11004.
48	李泓 . 全固态锂电池：梦想照进现实[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(2): 188-193.
	LI Hong . All-solid-state lithium battery: Dream into reality[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(2): 188-193.
49	ZU C , LI H . Thermodynamic analysis on energy densities of batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(8): 2614-2624.
50	彭佳悦, 祖晨曦, 李泓 . 锂电池基础科学问题(I) ——化学储能电池理论能量密度的估算[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2013, 2(1): 55-62.
	PENG Jiayue , ZU Chenxi , LI Hong . Fundamental scientific aspects of lithium batteries(I) ——Thermodynamic calculations of theoretical energy densities of chemical energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2013, 2(1): 55-62.
51	吴娇杨, 刘品, 胡勇胜, 等 . 锂离子电池和金属锂离子电池的能量密度计算[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(4): 443-453.
	WU Jiaoyang , LIU Pin , HU Yongsheng , et al . Calculation on energy densities of lithium ion batteries and metallic lithium ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(4): 443-453.
52	XU K . Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2004, 104(10): 4303-4417.
53	ZHAMU A , CHEN G , LIU C , et al . Reviving rechargeable lithium metal batteries: Enabling next-generation high-energy and high-power cells[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5(2): 5701-5707.
54	WENZEL S , LEICHTWEISS T , KRÜGER D , et al . Interphase formation on lithium solid electrolytes—An in situ approach to study interfacial reactions by photoelectron spectroscopy[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2015, 278: 98-105.
55	WENZEL S , SEDLMAIER S J , DIETRICH C , et al . Interfacial reactivity and interphase growth of argyrodite solid electrolytes at lithium metal electrodes[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2018, 318: 102-112..
56	WENZEL S , RANDAU S , LEICHTWEIß T , et al . Direct observation of the interfacial instability of the fast ionic conductor Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ at the lithium metal anode[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(7):doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00610.
57	LEPLEY N D , HOLZWARTH N A W , DU Y A . Structures, Li⁺ mobilities, and interfacial properties of solid electrolytes Li₃PS₄ and Li₃PO₄ from first principles[J]. Physical Review B, 2013, 88(10): 2991-3000.
58	ZHU Y , HE X , MO Y . Origin of outstanding stability in the lithium solid electrolyte materials: Insights from thermodynamic analyses based on first-principles calculations[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(42): 23685-23693.
59	RICHARDS W D , MIARA L J , WANG Y , et al . Interface stability in solid-state batteries[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(1): 266-273.
60	HAN F , ZHU Y , HE X , et al . Electrochemical stability of Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ and Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ solid electrolytes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 6(8): 10.1002/aenm.201501590.
61	KUWATA N , KUDO S , MATSUDA Y , et al . Fabrication of thin-film lithium batteries with 5-V-class LiCoMnO₄ cathodes[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2014, 262: 165-169.
62	OH G, HIRAYAMA M , KWON O , et al . Bulk-type all solid-state batteries with 5 V class LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode and Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ solid electrolyte[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(8): doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04940.
63	YUBUCHI S , ITO Y, MATSUYAMA T , et al . 5V class LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ positive electrode coated with Li₃PO₄ thin film for all-solid-state batteries using sulfide solid electrolyte[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2015, 285: doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2015.08.001.
64	李泓, 许晓雄 . 固态锂电池研发愿景和策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(5): 607-614.
	LI Hong , XU Xiaoxiong . R&D vision and strategies on solid lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(5): 607-614.
65	MANTHIRAM A , CHUNG S H , ZU C . Lithium-sulfur batteries: Progress and prospects[J]. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(12): 1980-2006.
66	LAM P, YAZAMI R . Physical characteristics and rate performance of (CFx ) _n (0.33<x<0.66) in lithium batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 153(2): 354-359.
67	LASCAUD M , LACHTER A , SALARDENNE J , et al . Electrical conduction mechanisms in FeF₃ thin films[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1979, 59(3): 353-360.
68	WANG D Y , GONG M , CHOU H L , et al . Highly active and stable hybrid catalyst of cobalt-doped FeS₂ nanosheets-carbon nanotubes for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(4):doi: 10.1021/ja511572q.
69	YAMADA T , ITO S, OMODA R , et al . All solid-state lithium-sulfur battery using a glass-type P₂S₅-Li₂S electrolyte: Benefits on anode kinetics[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2015: doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.155.
70	NAGAO M , HAYASHI A , TATSUMISAGO M . Fabrication of favorable interface between sulfide solid electrolyte and Li metal electrode for bulk-type solid-state Li/S battery[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2012, 22: 177-180.
71	INOUE T , MUKAI K . Are all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries really safe?–Verification by differential scanning calorimetry with an all-inclusive microcell[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(2): 1507-1515.
72	WU J Y , LING S G , YANG Q , et al . Forming solid electrolyte interphase in situ in an ionic conducting Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃-polypropylene (PP) based separator for Li-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Physics B, 2016, 25(7): doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/25/7/078204.
73	CHAI J , LIU Z , MA J , et al . In situ generation of poly(vinylene carbonate) based solid electrolyte with interfacial stability for LiCoO₂ lithium batteries[J]. Advanced Science, 2017, 4(2): doi: 10.1002/advs.201600377.
74	LIU F , WANG W , YIN Y , et al . Upgrading traditional liquid electrolyte via in situ gelation for future lithium metal batteries[J]. Science Advances, 4(10): doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5383.
75	LEE H, YANILMAZ M , TOPRAKCI O , et al . A review of recent developments in membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2014, 7(12): 3857-3886.
76	ZHANG S S . A review on the separators of liquid electrolyte Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 164(1): 351-364.
77	XIAO Q , LI Z , GAO D , et al . A novel sandwiched membrane as polymer electrolyte for application in lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2009, 326(2): 260-264.
78	HUANG X . Separator technologies for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2011, 15(4): 649-662.
79	RYOU M H , LEE Y M, PARK J K , et al . Mussel-inspired polydopamine-treated polyethylene separators for high-power Li-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(27): 3066-3070.
80	CHO T H, TANAKA M , OHNISHI H , et al . Composite nonwoven separator for lithium-ion battery: Development and characterization[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(13): 4272-4277.
81	CHUN S J , CHOI E S , LEE E H, et al . Eco-friendly cellulose nanofiber paper-derived separator membranes featuring tunable nanoporous network channels for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22(32): 16618-16626.
82	CROCE F , FOCARETE M L , HASSOUN J , et al . A safe, high-rate and high-energy polymer lithium-ion battery based on gelled membranes prepared by electrospinning[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(3): 921-927.
83	QI W , LU C , CHEN P , et al . Electrochemical performances and thermal properties of electrospun poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) membrane for lithium-ion battery[J]. Materials Letters, 2012, 66(1): 239-241.
84	YI W , HUAIYU Z , JIAN H , et al . Wet-laid non-woven fabric for separator of lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 189(1): 616-619.
85	SAHAY R , KUMAR P S , SRIDHAR R , et al . Electrospun composite nanofibers and their multifaceted applications[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22(26): 12953-12971.
86	ZHOU X , YUE L , ZHANG J , et al . A core-shell structured polysulfonamide-based composite nonwoven towards high power lithium ion battery separator[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2013, 160(9): A1341-A1347.
87	ZHANG J , LIU Z , KONG Q , et al . Renewable and superior thermal-resistant cellulose-based composite nonwoven as lithium-ion battery separator[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, 5(1): 128-134.
88	XIA M , LIU Q , ZHOU Z , et al . A novel hierarchically structured and highly hydrophilic poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene)/poly (ethylene terephthalate) nanoporous membrane for lithium-ion battery separator[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 266: 29-35.
89	MIAO Y E , ZHU G N , HOU H , et al . Electrospun polyimide nanofiber-based nonwoven separators for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 226: 82-86.
90	HAQUE S , REHMAN I , DARR J A . Synthesis and characterization of grafted nanohydroxyapatites using functionalized surface agents[J]. Langmuir, 2007, 23(12):6671-6676.
91	CHEN W , LIU Y , MA Y , et al . Improved performance of lithium ion battery separator enabled by co-electrospinnig polyimide/poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and the incorporation of TiO₂-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 273: 1127-1135.
92	SONG J , RYOU M H , SON B, et al . Co-polyimide-coated polyethylene separators for enhanced thermal stability of lithium ion batteries[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2012, 85: 524-530.
93	ZHANG J , KONG Q , LIU Z , et al . A highly safe and inflame retarding aramid lithium ion battery separator by a papermaking process[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2013, 245: 49-55.
94	XU Q , KONG Q , LIU Z , et al . Polydopamine-coated cellulose microfibrillated membrane as high performance lithium-ion battery separator[J]. RSC Advances, 2014, 4(16): 7845-7850.
95	MANTHIRAM A , FU Y , CHUNG S H , et al . Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(23): 11751-11787.
96	LEE S K, OH S M, PARK E , et al . Highly cyclable lithium-sulfur batteries with a dual-type sulfur cathode and a lithiated Si/SiO _x nanosphere anode[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(5): 2863-2868.
97	PENG H J , WANG D W , HUANG J Q , et al . Janus separator of polypropylene-supported cellular graphene framework for sulfur cathodes with high utilization in lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Advanced Science, 2016, 3(1): doi: 10.1002/advs.201500268.
98	YU X , WU H , KOO J H, et al . Tailoring the pore size of a polypropylene separator with a polymer having intrinsic nanoporosity for suppressing the polysulfide shuttle in lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, doi: 10.1002/aenm.201902872 . doi: 10.1002/aenm.201902872
99	ZHUANG T Z , HUANG J Q , PENG H J , et al . Rational integration of polypropylene/graphene oxide/nafion as ternary-layered separator to retard the shuttle of polysulfides for lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Small, 2016, 12(3): 381-389.
100	YAO H , YAN K , LI W , et al . Improved lithium-sulfur batteries with a conductive coating on the separator to prevent the accumulation of inactive S-related species at the cathode-separator interface[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2014, 7(10): 3381-3390.
101	BALACH J , JAUMANN T , KLOSE M , et al . Functional mesoporous carbon-coated separator for long-life, high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(33): 5285-5291.
102	LAIN M J , BRANDON J , KENDRICK E . Design strategies for high power vs. high energy lithium ion cells[J]. Batteries, 2019, 5(4):doi: 10.3390/batteries5040064.
103	ZHOU Z , LI N , YANG Y , et al . Ultra-lightweight 3D carbon current collectors: Constructing all-carbon electrodes for stable and high energy density dual-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(26): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801439.
104	QUINN J B , WALDMANN T , RICHTER K , et al . Energy density of cylindrical Li-ion cells: A comparison of commercial 18650 to the 21700 cells[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2018, 165(14): A3284-A3291.
105	GALLAGHER K G , TRASK S E , BAUER C , et al . Optimizing areal capacities through understanding the limitations of lithium-ion electrodes[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2016, 163(2): A138-A149.

[1]	Zhen YAO, Qi ZHANG, Rui WANG, Qinghua LIU, Baoguo WANG, Ping MIAO. Application of biomass derived carbon materials in all vanadium flow battery electrodes [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2083-2091.
[2]	Xiaoyu SHEN, Guanjun CEN, Ronghan QIAO, Jing ZHU, Hongxiang JI, Mengyu TIAN, Zhou JIN, Yong YAN, Yida WU, Yuanjie ZHAN, Hailong YU, Liubin BEN, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG. Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Apr. 1， 2022 to May 31， 2022） [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2007-2022.
[3]	ZHOU Weidong, HUANG Qiu, XIE Xiaoxin, CHEN Kejun, LI Wei, QIU Jieshan. Research progress of polymer electrolyte for solid state lithium batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1788-1805.
[4]	ZHANG Haoran, CHE Haiying, GUO Kaiqiang, SHEN Zhan, ZHANG Yunlong, CHEN Hangda, ZHOU Huang, LIAO Jianping, LIU Haimei, MA Zifeng. Preparation of Sn-doped NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3-_x Sn _x O₂ cathode materials and their electrochemical performance [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1874-1882.
[5]	JIANG Chengyi, ZHONG Zunrui, WU Zide, PENG Hao. Thermodynamic properties of C₈H₁₈-C₁₁H₂₄ mixed alkane system phase change materials [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1957-1967.
[6]	Ronghan QIAO, Guanjun CEN, Xiaoyu SHEN, Mengyu TIAN, Hongxiang JI, Feng TIAN, Wenbin QI, Zhou JIN, Yida WU, Yuanjie ZHAN, Yong YAN, Liubin BEN, Hailong YU, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG. Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Feb. 1， 2022 to Mar. 31， 2022） [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1289-1304.
[7]	Chang SUN, Zerong DENG, Ningbo JIANG, Lulu ZHANG, Hui FANG, Xuelin YANG. Recent research progress of sodium vanadium fluorophosphate as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1184-1200.
[8]	Xinyu ZHOU, Daocheng LUAN, Zhihua HU, Junhua LING, Kelin WEN, Lang LIU, Zhiming YIN, Shuheng MI, Zhengyun WANG. Thermal storage performance of carbon-containing binary phase change heat storage materials [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1175-1183.
[9]	Qiannan LIU, Weiping HU, Zhe HU. Research progress of phosphorus-based anode materials for sodium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1201-1210.
[10]	Zan DUAN, Lingfang LI, Penghui LIU, Dongfang XIAO. Review on advanced preparation methods and energy storage mechanism of MXenes as energy storage materials [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 982-990.
[11]	Yuying LI, Wenzhen WEI, Qi LI, Yuting WU. Preparation and investigation of quaternary nitrates/halloysites/graphite shape-stable composite phase change material with low melting temperature for thermal energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 1044-1051.
[12]	Guanjun CEN, Jing ZHU, Ronghan QIAO, Xiaoyu SHEN, Hongxiang JI, Mengyu TIAN, Feng TIAN, Zhou JIN, Yong YAN, Yida WU, Yuanjie ZHAN, Hailong YU, Liubin BEN, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG. Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Dec. 1， 2021 to Jan. 31， 2022） [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 1077-1092.
[13]	Siqi SHI, Zhangwei TU, Xinxin ZOU, Shiyu SUN, Zhengwei YANG, Yue LIU. Applying data-driven machine learning to studying electrochemical energy storage materials [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 739-759.
[14]	Mengyu TIAN, Jing ZHU, Guanjun CEN, Ronghan QIAO, Xiaoyu SHEN, Hongxiang JI, Feng TIAN, Zhou JIN, Yong YAN, Yida WU, Yuanjie ZHAN, Hailong YU, Liubin BEN, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG. Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries（Oct. 1， 2021 to Nov. 30， 2021） [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 297-312.
[15]	Xue HAN, Wei DENG, Xufeng ZHOU, Zhaopin LIU. Patenting activity of graphene for energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 335-349.