Safety accidents of Li-ion batteries： Reliability issues or safety issues

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0345

Abstract

Abstract:

Safety accidents related to lithium-ion batteries occur frequently, causing the safety research of lithium-ion batteries to become a hot topic. This paper analyzes that most of the safety failure stem from the poor reliability of battery products. Reliability is the ability or possibility of a product to perform the predetermined function without failure within a specified period of time and under specified conditions, which is measured by probability. The safety accidents of lithium-ion batteries meet the definition characteristics of reliability. This paper answered why strict safety testing standards cannot eliminate battery safety failure, analyzed the causes of potential safety failure of lithium-ion batteries from the perspective of reliability, and explored their potential test methods. By this paper, measures to avoid or reduce the damage after safety failure are expected. It is emphasized that besides the research on the safety of lithium-ion battery, the reliability research should be paid more attention to.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, safety accident, reliability, thermal runaway, safety failure

CLC Number:

TM 912.4

Li WANG, Leqiong XIE, Guangyu TIAN, Xiangming HE. Safety accidents of Li-ion batteries： Reliability issues or safety issues[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 1-6.

Figures/Tables 2

References 34

1	HOU J, LU L, WANG L, et al. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries employing LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18868-w.
2	FENG X, REN D, HE X, et al. Mitigating thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Joule, 2020, 4(4): 743-70.
3	LIU X, REN D, HSU H, et al. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries without internal short circuit[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(10): 2047-64.
4	FENG X, OUYANG M, LIU X, et al. Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2018, 10: 246-267.
5	何向明.《电池安全性专刊》特约主编寄语[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7 (6): I.
	HE X. "Special Issue of Safety" Introduction of contributing editor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(6): I.
6	FENG X, HE X, OUYANG M, et al. A coupled electrochemical-thermal failure model for predicting the thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2018, 165(16): A3748-A3765.
7	REN D S, FENG X N, LU L G, et al. An electrochemical-thermal coupled overcharge-to-thermal-runaway model for lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 364: 328-340.
8	FENG X N, LU L G, OUYANG M G, et al. A 3D thermal runaway propagation model for a large format lithium ion battery module[J]. Energy, 2016, 115: 194-208.
9	FENG X N, SUN J, OUYANG M G, et al. Characterization of penetration induced thermal runaway propagation process within a large format lithium ion battery module[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 275: 261-273.
10	FENG X N, HE X M, OUYANG M G, et al. Thermal runaway propagation model for designing a safer battery pack with 25 A·h LiNixCoyMnzO2 large format lithium ion battery[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 154: 74-91.
11	FENG X N, FANG M, HE X M, et al. Thermal runaway features of large format prismatic lithium ion battery using extended volume accelerating rate calorimetry[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 255: 294-301.
12	何向明, 冯旭宁, 欧阳明高. 车用锂离子动力电池系统的安全性[J]. 科技导报, 2016, 34 (6): 32-38.
	HE X M, FENG X N, OUYANG M G. On the safety issues of lithium ion battery[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2016, 34(6): 32-38.
13	赵骁, 方谋, 王要武, 等. 电动车用锂离子蓄电池模块安全性之正负极材料[J]. 新材料产业, 2014 (5): 35-39.
	ZHAO X, FANG M, WANG Y, et al. Anode and cathode materials for the safety of lithium ion battery modules for electric vehicles[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2014 (5): 35-39.
14	方谋, 赵骁, 王要武, 等. 隔膜和电解质对电动车电池模块安全性影响[J]. 新材料产业, 2014, (2): 48-52.
	FANG M, ZHAO X, WANG Y, et al. Influence of separactor and electrolyte on the safety of battery module for electric vehicle[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2014, (2): 48-52.
15	方谋, 赵骁, 李建军, 等. 电动车用锂离子蓄电池模块的安全性问题[J]. 新材料产业, 2014(3): 45-48.
	FANG M, ZHAO X, LI J, et al. Safety of lithium ion battery module for electric vehicle[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2014(3): 45-48.
16	方谋, 赵骁, 陈敬波, 等. 从波音787电池事故分析大型动力电池组的安全性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3 (1): 42-46.
	FANG M, ZHAO X, CHEN J, et al. A case study of Japan airlines B-787 battery fire[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(1): 42-46.
17	方谋, 赵骁, 王要武, 等.电动车用锂离子蓄电池模块安全性之热失控[J]. 新材料产业, 2013(8): 48-51.
	FANG M, ZHAO X, WANG Y, et al. Thermal runaway of safety lithium ion battery modules for electric vehicles[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2013(8): 48-51.
18	方谋, 赵骁, 李建军, 等. 电动车用锂离子蓄电池模块安全性之内短路[J]. 新材料产业, 2013 (10): 26-29.
	FANG M, ZHAO X, LI J, et al. Internal short-circuit safety lithium ion battery modules for electric vehicles[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2013, (10): 26-29.
19	XIE X, REN D, WANG L, et al. Investigation on thermal runaway of Li-ion cells based on LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2[J]. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 2021, 18(3): doi: 10.1115/1.4048329.
20	FENG X N, REN D S, ZHANG S C, et al. Influence of aging paths on the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion batteries in accelerating rate calorimetry tests[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2019, 14(1): 44-58.
21	FENG X, ZHENG S, REN D, et al. Key characteristics for thermal runaway of Li-ion batteries[J]. Energy Procedia, 2019, 158: 4684-4692.
22	FENG X, ZHENG S, REN D, et al. Investigating the thermal runaway mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries based on thermal analysis database[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 246: 53-64.
23	ZHENG S Q, WANG L, FENG X N, et al. Probing the heat sources during thermal runaway process by thermal analysis of different battery chemistries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 378: 527-536.
24	REN D, LIU X, FENG X, et al. Model-based thermal runaway prediction of lithium-ion batteries from kinetics analysis of cell components[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 228: 633-644.
25	FENG X, ZHENG S, HE X, et al. Time sequence map for interpreting the thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion batteries with LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2018, 6: doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00126.
26	王莉, 冯旭宁, 薛钢, 等. 锂离子电池安全性评估的ARC测试方法和数据分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6): 1-9.
	WANG L, FENG X N, XUE G, et al. ARC experimental and data analysis for safety evaluation of Li-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(6): 1-9.
27	王浩, 李建军, 王莉, 等. 绝热加速量热仪在锂离子电池安全性研究方面的应用[J]. 新材料产业, 2013(1): 53-58.
	WANG H, LI J J, WANG L, et al. Application of ARC in safety research of lithium ion battery[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2013(1): 53-58.
28	谢潇怡, 王莉, 何向明, 等. 锂离子动力电池安全性问题影响因素[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6 (1): 43-51.
	XIE X Y, WANG L, HE X M, et al. The safety influencing factors of lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(1): 43-51.
29	王莉, 李建军, 高剑, 等. 钴酸锂正极锂离子电池的过充电安全性[J]. 电池, 2012, 42 (6): 299-301.
	WANG L, LI J J, GAO J, et al. Overcharge safety of lithium ion battery with LiCoO2 positive[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2012, 42(6): 299-301.
30	李建军, 王莉, 高剑, 等. 动力锂离子电池的安全性控制策略及其试验验证[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2012, 3 (2): 151-157.
	LI J J, WANG LI, GAO J, et al. Safety control strategy of large format Li-ion batteries and test verification[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2012, 3(2): 151-157.
31	王莉, 孙敏敏, 何向明. 锂离子电池安全性设计浅析[J]. 电池工业, 2017, 21 (2): 36-39.
	WANG L, SUN M M, HE X M. A brief review of the design of safety characteristics of Li-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Battery Industry, 2017, 21(2): 36-39.
32	王莉, 李建军, 何向明. 尚玉明. 动力电池安全性解决方案[C]//第31届全国化学与物理电源学术年会, 中国: 天津, 2015.
	WANG L, LI J J, HE X M, et al. Safety solution for power battery[C]//Proceedings of the 31th China Industrial Association of Power Sources, Tianjin, China, 2015.
33	王莉, 李建军, 何向明. In动力锂离子电池安全性热失控控制策略[C]//第16届全国固态离子学学术会议暨下一代能源材料与技术国际研讨会, 中国: 成都, 2012.
	WANG L, LI J J, HE X M. Control strategy of thermorunaway for power lithium ion battery[C]//Proceedings of the 16th National Solid State Ion Academic Conference: International Symposium on Next-Generation Energy Materials and Technologies, Chengdu, China, 2012.
34	谢乐琼, 何向明. 现有电动汽车用动力电池国家标准解读[J]. 新材料产业, 2018(1): 35-42.
	XIE L Q, HE X M. Interpretation of national standards of power batteries for electric vehicles[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2018(1): 35-42.

[1]	Xianxi LIU, Anliang SUN, Chuan TIAN. Research on liquid cooling and heat dissipation of lithium-ion battery pack based on bionic wings vein channel cold plate [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2266-2273.
[2]	Long CHEN, Quan XIA, Yi REN, Gaoping CAO, Jingyi QIU, Hao ZHANG. Research prospect on reliability of Li-ion battery packs under coupling of multiple physical fields [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2316-2323.
[3]	Jianxiang DENG, Jinliang ZHAO, Chengde HUANG. High energy density lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2092-2102.
[4]	OU Yu, HOU Wenhui, LIU Kai. Research progress of smart safety electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1772-1787.
[5]	HAN Junwei, XIAO Jing, TAO Ying, KONG Debin, LV Wei, YANG Quanhong. Compact energy storage： Methodology with graphenes and the applications [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1865-1873.
[6]	DING Yi, YANG Yan, CHEN Kai, ZENG Tao, HUANG Yunhui. Intelligent fire protection of lithium-ion battery and its research method [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1822-1833.
[7]	Yuanxia DONG, Hengyun ZHANG, Jiajun ZHU, Xiaobin XU, Shunliang ZHU. Numerical simulation study on thermal runaway propagation mitigation structure of automotive battery module [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1608-1616.
[8]	Lei LI, Zhao LI, Dan JI, Huichang NIU. Overcharge induced thermal runaway behaviors of pouch-type lithium-ion batteries with LFP and NCM cathodes： the differences and reasons [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1419-1427.
[9]	Biao MA, Chunjing LIN, Lei LIU, Xiaole MA, Tianyi MA, Shiqiang LIU. Venting characteristics and flammability limit of thermal runaway gas of lithium ion battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1592-1600.
[10]	Ce ZHANG, Siwu LI, Jia XIE. Research progress on the prelithiation technology of alloy-type anodes [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1383-1400.
[11]	Qiaomin KE, Jian GUO, Yiwei WANG, Wenjiong CAO, Man CHEN, Fangming JIANG. The effect of liquid-cooled thermal management on thermal runaway of power battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1634-1640.
[12]	Nan LIN, Ulrike KREWER, Jochen ZAUSCH, Konrad STEINER, Haibo LIN, Shouhua FENG. Development and application of multiphysics models for electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1149-1164.
[13]	Hongzhang ZHU, Chuanping WU, Tiannian ZHOU, Jie DENG. Thermal runaway characteristics of LiFePO₄ and ternary lithium batteries with external overheating [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 201-210.
[14]	Jun WANG, Zhuangzhuang JIA, Peng QIN, Zheng HUANG, Jingyun WU, Wen QI, Qingsong WANG. Simulation of thermal runaway gas diffusion in LiFePO₄battery module [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 185-192.
[15]	Zhihui GUO, Xiaodan CUI, Linshuang ZHAO, Jiawei CHEN. Fire and gas explosion hazards of high-nickel lithium-ion battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 193-200.