Study on thermal runaway gas evolution in the lithium-ion battery energy storage cabin

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0369

Abstract

Abstract:

With the widespread use of electrochemical energy storage, safety accidents in energy storage systems occur frequently. In the energy storage system, once the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries occurs, the combustible fumes are very simple to ignite, leading to fire and explosion mishaps. In large energy storage systems, the gas flow from thermal runaway and thermal runaway propagation of batteries is exceedingly harmful and expensive to test. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the behavior of thermal runaway gas flow in an energy storage cabin based on the model. In this study, a test of thermal runaway venting gas production was conducted for a lithium-ion battery with a LiFePO₄ cathode, and the battery venting gas production rate and gas composition were obtained as model inputs. A megawatt-hour level energy storage cabin was modeled using Flacs, and the gas flow behavior in the cabin under different thermal runaway conditions was examined. Based on the simulation findings, it was discovered that the volume of gas inside the energy storage cabin after the battery's thermal runaway was influenced by the battery location and the number of thermal runaway batteries. When the number of thermal runaway batteries is <3, the higher the module position, the larger the area of combustible gas diffusion. When the number of thermal runaway batteries is >3, the number of batteries increases, and the lower the module position where thermal runaway occurs, the larger the area of combustible gas diffusion. For the same height of the module, the volume of combustible gas formed at various locations was the same, and the combustible gas in the battery room will spread to the control room. Additionally, adding pressure relief plates on both sides of the energy storage cabin can efficiently release gas from the cabin, but the impact of pressure relief is affected by the pressure relief plates' location and area.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, gas evolution, energy storage cabin

CLC Number:

TM 912

Chengshan XU, Borui LU, Mengqi ZHANG, Huaibin WANG, Changyong JIN, Minggao OUYANG, Xuning FENG. Study on thermal runaway gas evolution in the lithium-ion battery energy storage cabin[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2418-2431.

Figures/Tables 21

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Table 1

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构型	泄压板数目	泄压板面积/m²	总泄压面积/m²
(a)	2块	0.18	0.36
(b)	4块	0.12	0.48
(c)	6块	0.12	0.72
(d)	2块	0.9	1.8

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