Energy consumption comparison and optimization of auxiliary power-battery heating system of heavy truck

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0598

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, clean-energy heavy trucks have undergone rapid development because of their zero emission, long endurance, and other suitable characteristics. In addition, their fuel cells serve as their auxiliary power cell. In low-temperature environments, the performance degradation of auxiliary power batteries of heavy trucks is insufficient to bear the role of the auxiliary power source in peak shaving and valley filling. Therefore, to cope with cold environments, heavy trucks should consider heating the auxiliary power battery to recover their charge and discharge performance. In this paper, a square lithium-iron phosphate battery pack was considered as the research object, and the discharge conditions of a single lithium-iron phosphate battery at -10 ℃, 0 ℃, 10 ℃, and 20 ℃ were tested through experiments. The low-temperature thermal characteristics of the battery were obtained; a single-battery thermal model was established, and its effectiveness was verified. Based on this model, a dual-heat source heating system was proposed, in which the graphene heating film was the main heat source and the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted heat source was the auxiliary heat source. A linear time-varying model predictive controller (MPC) was established based on the heat transfer principle to reduce energy consumption of the battery heating system. The results show that, under the driving condition of the China-world transient vehicle cycle, the battery heating system can improve the heating rate of the power battery pack using the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted heat source through the heat exchanger. By using the heating film and heat exchanger, the heating system can increase the energy efficiency by 30% compared with the traditional PTC heating system. The heating system with MPC control strategy has 14% higher energy efficiency than that with the proportional-integral-derivative control.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck, lithium ion battery, low temperature heating method, model predictive control

CLC Number:

TM 912

Liyu ZHAO, Huanwu SUN, Shichuang LIU, Zhiyuan YAN. Energy consumption comparison and optimization of auxiliary power-battery heating system of heavy truck[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(4): 1139-1147.

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参数	数值
额定容量/Ah	50
工作电压/V	2.5～3.62
内阻/mΩ	≤1
最佳充放电温度/℃	10～35
最大持续放电电流/A	3 C
最大允许充放电温度/℃	-10～55

参数	值
初始SOC	50%
电池组初始温度	-10 ℃
充放电工况	C-WTVC电流工况
氢燃料电池余热回路温度	70 ℃
驱动电机余热回路温度	60 ℃
电池组结束温度	20 ℃

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