Recent advances in the electrolytes of rechargeable zinc-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0040

Abstract

Abstract:

Owing to their low cost, safety, high availability, ecological friendliness, and easy preparation, zinc-ion batteries have been extensively investigated. Linking with the other parts of zinc-ion batteries, the electrolyte is strongly related to making the most beneficial electrochemical performance. To further enhance the possibility of application, it has key importance to enhance the release of electrochemical performance of the batteries. Although there has been a lot of research performed and several batteries' remarkable findings have been attained, some challenges of electrolytes in zinc ion batteries still require to be paid enough attention. In this review, the general principle of zinc-ion batteries is introduced first and then the recent advances in a wide range of electrolytes for zinc-ion batteries involving aqueous, organic, gel, and all-solid-state electrolytes are explained. The solvation problem, corresponding modification strategies, and mechanism of improving electrode stability by additives are introduced in the aqueous electrolytes part. The enhancement of electrochemical performance of the batteries is explained in the organic electrolytes part. The formation principle of related electrolytes and their application in flexible energy storage is explained in the gel part. In the all-solid-state part, the benefit of liquid-free and intrinsic conductivity are briefly illustrated. Furthermore, the electrolytes' research progress in zinc-ion batteries is summarized and the prospects research directions of those are proposed.

Key words: zinc-ion battery, electrolyte, aqueous, organic, gel, all-solid-state

CLC Number:

TM 912

Yingwei PEI, Hong ZHANG, Xinghui WANG. Recent advances in the electrolytes of rechargeable zinc-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2075-2082.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

References 42

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分类	电解质	正极	离子电导率 /(mS/cm)	电化学稳定电势窗	成本	参考文献
水溶液	2 mol/L ZnSO₄+0.2 mol/L MnSO₄	(Akhtenskite)MnO₂@CFP	—	1.0～1.8 V	低	[8]
	0.5 mol/L Zn(CH₃COO)₂	Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C	—	0.8～1.7 V	低	[11]
	3 mol/L Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂	(Spinel)ZnMn₂O₄/carbon	3470	0.8～1.9 V	高	[12]
	0.3 mol/L Zn(TFSI)₂	Fe₅V₁₅O₃₉(OH)₉∙9H₂O	—	0.4～1.6 V	高	[13]
	20 mol/kg LiTFSI+1 mol/kg Zn(TFSI)₂	LiMn₂O₄	—	0.8～2.1 V	高	[14]
	21 mol/L LiTFSI + 1 mol/L Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂	VOPO₄	—	0.8～2.1 V	高	[15]
	30 mmol/L ZnCl 1 mol/L ZnCl	Ca_0.20V₂O₅∙0.80H₂O	12.7 101	0.25～2.0 V 0.25～1.3 V	高低	[17]
	2 mol/L ZnSO₄(原)+50%体积的甲醇	聚苯胺(PANI)	16.8 (原56.9)	0.6～1.6 V	低低	[19]
	1 mol/L ZnSO₄(原)+10 mmol/L葡萄糖	MnO₂	45.3～45.7 (原43.5～43.8)	1.0～1.9 V	低低	[20]
	3 mol/L Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂+0.1 mol/L Mn(CF₃SO₃)₂	β-MnO₂	6000	0.8～1.9 V	高	[21]
	1 mol/L ZnSO₄+1 mol/L Na₂SO₄	NaV₃O₈∙1.5H₂O	—	0.3～1.25 V	低	[22]
有机溶液	0.5 mol/L AN-Zn(TFSI)₂	双层水合V₂O₅	—	0.3～1.5 V	高	[23]
	0.5 mol/L Zn(OTf)₂/TMP-DMC(体积比=1∶1)	VS₂	4.90	0.3～1.0 V	高	[24]
	0.5 mol/L ZnTFMS/DMF	PQ-MCT	18.9	0.1～1.7 V	较高	[25]
*	0.5 mol/L Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂-TEP∶H₂O(体积比=7∶3)	KCuHCf	6.48	1.3～2.0 V	较高	[27]
凝胶	约0.44 mol/L ZnSO₄/CMC(CMC∶水=3:80)	ZnHCF	—	1.0～2.1 V	较低	[30]
	2 mol/L ZnSO₄+0.1 mol/L MnSO₄/gum(gum∶水=1∶5)	MnO₂	14.6	1.0～1.8 V	较低	[31]
	3 mol/L LiCl+ 2 mol/L ZnCl₂+0.4 mol/L MnSO₄/ PVA(PVA∶水=1∶10)	MnO₂@PEDOT	—	1.0～1.8 V	偏低	[32]
	1 mol/L ZnSO₄/gelatin(gelatin∶水=1∶4)	NaV₃O₈∙1.5H₂O	—	0.3～1.25 V	较低	[22]
	2 mol/L ZnSO₄+0.1 mol/L MnSO₄/PAM(AM∶水=1∶10)	MnO₂	17.3	0.8～1.85 V	较低	[36]
全固态	4 mol/L Zn(BF₄)₂+2 mmol/L Al(OTf)₃/poly(1,3-dioxolane)	CoHCF	19.6	0.5～2.05 V	较高	[38]

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