Thermal runaway and water spray of full-size electric vehicle under the underground garage scene： An experimental study

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0520

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigates the thermal runaway fire characteristics of electric vehicles (EVs) in an underground garage scenario and the suppression effect of water spray. Different characteristics of the thermal runaway development process of EVs are derived from the temperature changes at different locations inside the vehicle and the roof temperature outside the vehicle before and after the water spray. We scrutinized the temperature evolution of the battery pack, body, and roof during the development of EV thermal runaway. Our results showed that the battery thermal runaway process in the battery pack was proximal and distal, and the primary mode of heat transfer was heat conduction, with the highest temperature exceeding 600 ℃. When water could not directly act on the battery, the cooling effect was limited and only played a mitigating role, failing to reduce the temperature to a safe level. Compared with the change in the battery pack, the temperature change in the cabin had a certain lag, leading to the illusion of safety for the people in the car. We also found that when the scene was filled with a lot of black smoke, the highest temperature on the roof was only 46.1 ℃. The smoke sensor was more suitable for an underground garage than temperature sensor. The results of this study contributed to an in-depth understanding of the thermal hazard of EVs in confined spaces and provided basic data support and reference for the fire safety design of underground garages.

Key words: full-size, underground garage, electric vehicle, thermal runaway, water sprinkler

CLC Number:

X 928.7

Jie WANG, Chenxi ZHAO, Changzheng LI, Xuehui WANG, Qinpei CHEN, Wenzhong MI, Guo XU, Jian WANG. Thermal runaway and water spray of full-size electric vehicle under the underground garage scene： An experimental study[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3379-3386.

Figures/Tables 11

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位置	测点	说明
电池包	TC0～TC9	近端模组(其中1、8损坏)
	TC0～TC3	远端模组(其中2、3损坏)
	TC0～TC6	加热片模组(其中3、4损坏)
车舱	TC0	后座底板
	TC1	后备箱
	TC2	后挡风玻璃上沿
	TC3	车顶层
	TC4～TC7	驾驶位(其中4与6损坏)
顶棚	1TC0～1TC5	顶棚下侧
	2TC0～2TC6	顶棚右侧
	3TC0～3TC6	顶棚左侧
	4TC0～4TC5	顶棚上侧

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