新能源侧储能优化配置技术研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能作为提升新能源消纳量的一种重要手段，在“碳达峰、碳中和”要求大力发展风光等新能源背景下，“新能源+储能”模式将成为国家“十四五”期间新能源发展主流趋势。已有的储能相关综述文章主要归纳总结了各种储能本体技术的发展和储能在电力系统中的应用场景，对储能优化配置技术研究综述尚少，特别是新能源侧储能，因此了解储能在新能源侧的优化配置技术十分必要。本文首先介绍和分析了新能源侧配置储能的发展现状，包括“十四五”期间各省份颁布的政策、国内典型示范工程和应用场景；其次探讨了储能优化配置技术中2个关键问题，储能系统选型和储能系统规划模型。在选型方面，对比和分析了各种电池类型的优缺点和适用场景，在构建储能系统规划模型方面，综合考虑风光出力不确定性、经济性、环保性和技术性等不同因素对规划模型的影响，列出了具体的数学表达式和相应的规划方法；最后，针对新能源侧配置储能的政策制定、储能本体技术的发展、系统选型、优化模型的建立和优化配置仿真软件平台的开发等关键性内容提出建设性意见，为未来新能源侧配置储能实际工程项目的建设提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 新能源侧, 政策, 储能优化配置, 系统选型, 储能规划

Abstract:

As an important means of improving new energy consumption, under the background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality," which requires vigorous development of new energy sources such as wind and solar, the "new energy + energy storage" model becomes the mainstream trend of new energy development during the country's "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Existing review articles on energy storage primarily summarize the development of various energy storage ontology technologies and the application scenarios in the power system. There is few research on energy storage optimization, especially on the new energy side energy storage, so research storage capacity in the new optimized configuration technology on the energy side is necessary. The development status of the new energy side is included in the development of the new energy side, such as policies issued by the province of "14th Five-Year Plan," domestic typical demonstration projects and application scenarios. Secondly, two key issues in energy storage optimization configuration technology are discussed, which are system selection and system planning. In system selection, the advantages and disadvantages and applicable scenarios of various battery types are compared and analyzed; in terms of building the storage planning model, consideration of different factors such as uncertainty, economic, environmental protection, and technical nature on planning models, listing specific mathematical expressions and corresponding planning methods. Finally, key content for the development of energy storage, system selection, optimization model, and optimization of the development of the simulation software platform for the development of the new energy side, the development of the design, and optimization of the simulation software platform, to make a constructive advice for future new energy sides. Configure the construction of the energy storage actual project to provide reference and reference.

Key words: new energy side, policy, energy storage optimization configuration, system selection, energy storage planning

中图分类号:

TM 73

李红霞, 李建林, 米阳. 新能源侧储能优化配置技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3257-3267.

Hongxia LI, Jianlin LI, Yang MI. Summary of research on new energy side energy storage optimization configuration technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3257-3267.

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发布时间	储能政策	省份	配置比例和连续时长
2021/9/25	《关于2021年风电光伏发电开发建设有关事项的通知(征求意见稿)》	安徽	≥1 h、≥6000次、容量衰减≤20%
2021/9/29	《省发改委关于我省2021年光伏发电项目市场化并网有关事项的通知》	江苏	长江以南8%、长江以北10%、≥2 h、容量衰减≤20%、放电深度≥90%
2021/10/09	《2021年市场化并网陆上风电、光伏发电及多能互补一体化项目建设方案的通知》	广西	风电20%、光伏15%、2 h
2021/10/13	《关于加快推动湖南省电化学储能发展的实施意见》	湖南	风电≥15%、光伏≥5%、≥2 h
2021/11/04	《淄博市实施减碳降碳十大行动工作方案》	山东	光伏≥10%

项目名称	电池类型	储能规模	应用功能
辽宁卧牛石风电场	全矾液流	5 MW/ 10 MWh	跟踪计划出力、平抑波动、暂态有功出力响应、暂态电压紧急支撑
甘肃酒泉“电网友好型新能源发电示范”	锂离子，超级电容	1 MW/1 MWh	提高风电场功率调节能力和暂态支撑能力、提高风电机组低电压穿越能力
格木尔新能源光储电站	磷酸铁锂	15 MW/ 18 MWh	平抑波动、跟踪计划出力、减少弃光
国家光伏发电试验测试基地配套20 MW 储能电站项目	磷酸铁锂、三元锂、锌溴液流和全钒液流	16.7 MW/ 2 MWh	减小弃光限电、削峰填谷、平滑功率曲线、调峰
鲁能海西州多能互补集成优化示范工程	磷酸铁锂	50 MW/ 100 MWh	促进新能源消纳
中节能(长兴)光伏+储能示范项目	磷酸铁锂	0.5 MW/ 2 MWh	平抑波动，提升光伏消纳量、调峰
湖南龙山大灵山风电20 MWh储能项目	磷酸铁锂	10 MW/ 20 MWh	提升风电消纳量，减少弃风率
湖北仙桃200 MW渔光互补光储一体化项目	磷酸铁锂	60 MW/ 120 MWh	促进新能源消纳

储能类型	主要特点	寿命 /(年/次)	效率/%	能量密度 /(Wh/kg)	功率密度 /(Wh/kg)	应用时间	应用场合
抽水蓄能	容量大、寿命长	30～60	60～85	0.5～1.5	0.5～1.5	日级	削峰填谷、系统备用
压缩空气	功率范围广、环境友好	20～60	58～95	30～60	0.5～2	日级	频率控制、新能源出力平抑
飞轮	储能周期长、效率高	15～20	80～95	20～80	5000	分钟级	调峰/频、平滑功率输出、轨道交通
锂离子电池	能量密度高、充放电快	3000～5000	90～98	150～500	1500～10000	小时级	通信备用电源、电动汽车、储能应急电源车
全矾液流	100%充放电、循环寿命长	10000	60～85	20～50^[4]	0.5～2.5	小时级	抑制功率波动、新能源发电
超级电容器	功率密度高、寿命长	10000	85～98	10～30	15000～500000	分钟级	平滑功率、电能质量
储热	清洁环保	5～40	30～60	80～250	80～120	分钟级	清洁供暖、电力调峰、综合能源系统
氢储能	规模大、周期长、可跨季节储能	5～15	40、30～50、 60～80	500～3000	—	数日级～月级	车用氢能、季节性可再生能源发电、综合能源系统

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