钙化重构含钒钢渣微波酸浸提钒研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0134

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以钒电池为代表的液流电池有望成为大规模储能应用的电池技术，得益于其循环寿命长、能效高、可独立调节功率和能量等诸多优点。钒作为钒电池电解液的核心元素，由于相对稀缺导致成本过高，制约着钒电池产业的发展。因此，拓展钒资源途径成为当前研究的重点。而绝大部分钒产量来自于钒钛磁铁矿冶炼得到的钒渣，实现钢渣高效提钒成为我国钒产业可持续发展的关键举措。本文使用含钒钢渣为原料，在温度为1000 ℃，时间为3 h，配钙比为8%的条件下进行焙烧，最后以焙烧渣作为浸出原料，通过单因素试验研究了浸出温度、液固比、浸出时间及硫酸浓度对钒元素浸出的影响。采用高锰酸钾-硫酸亚铁铵滴定法，计算不同因素下钒的浸出率，最终得出浸出效果的最优参数。结果表明，在浸出温度为90 ℃、液固比为10∶1 mL/g、浸出时间为60 min、硫酸浓度达到35%时，钒的浸出效果最好，浸出率高达80.25%。这为缓解钒资源缺口提供了新的思路，有助于降低钒电池产业生产成本，进而加快国家的电化学储能建设。

关键词: 钒电池, 钒资源, 钢渣, 钙化焙烧, 微波, 酸浸出

Abstract:

Flow batteries, which are represented by vanadium batteries, are expected to drive a battery technology breakthrough for large-scale energy storage applications owing to their long cycle life, high energy efficiency, and independent regulation of power and energy. Vanadium, which is the core element of vanadium battery electrolytes, is relatively scarce and expensive, restricting the start-up and development of the vanadium battery industry. Therefore, it is imperative to explore various vanadium resources. The majority of vanadium is produced by smelting vanadium-titanium magnetite slag. The efficient extraction of vanadium from steel slag has become the key measure for the sustainable development of the vanadium industry in our country. Herein, vanadium steel slag was used as the raw material and roasted at 1000 ℃ and an 8% calcium ratio for 3 h. Finally, the roasted slag was used as the raw material for leaching. The effects of the leaching temperature, liquid-solid ratio, leaching time, and sulfuric acid concentration on vanadium leaching were investigated by carrying out a single factor test. The leaching rates of vanadium under different conditions were calculated using the potassium permanganate-ammonium ferric sulfate titration method, and the optimal leaching parameters were determined. The results revealed that when the leaching temperature was 90 ℃, the liquid-solid ratio was 10∶1, the leaching time was 60 min, and the sulfuric acid concentration was 35%, the vanadium leaching effect was optimal, and a leaching rate of up to 80.25% was achieved. This study provides a new pathway for alleviating the vanadium resource gap, reducing the production cost of the vanadium battery industry, and accelerating the development of electrochemical energy storage devices in the country.

Key words: vanadium battery, vanadium resources, steel slag, calcification roasting, microwave, acid leaching

中图分类号:

TF 803.21

闫一诺, 邵雪莹, 梁精龙, 王乐. 钙化重构含钒钢渣微波酸浸提钒研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(5): 1461-1468.

Yinuo YAN, Xueying SHAO, Jinglong LIANG, Le WANG. Study on microwave acid leaching of vanadium from calcified reconstructed steel slag[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1461-1468.

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