基于多频点阻抗的梯次利用电池分选技术研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0333

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

退役电池在梯次利用前需要经过重新的分选，使得其能够满足应用场景对电池性能的要求，目前梯次利用电池分选成本较高，成为限制其规模化应用的技术瓶颈。为降低分选环节成本，提升电池梯次利用的技术经济性，本工作首先通过研究梯次利用电池不同状态的交流阻抗特性，提取了表征电池状态的特征频点，建立了基于多频点的梯次利用SOH评估模型；然后，对于新型号的梯次利用电池，通过测试少量样本的交流阻抗和SOH数据，对模型进行优化；最后，采用开路电压、多频点阻抗和估算容量作为参量进行梯次利用电池分选，并与传统分选方法进行了对比。实验结果表明，优化后的模型对新型号电池SOH评估的最大误差在3%以内，平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)为1.93%，与未优化模型相比，评估误差显著降低；采用本工作方法分选电池组的循环性能与传统方法非常接近，验证了该分选方法的有效性；同时，该方法可大幅缩短梯次利用电池分选时间，具有良好的工程应用价值。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 梯次利用, 交流阻抗谱, 分选技术

Abstract:

Retired batteries must be resorted before echelon utilization, enabling them to meet the requirements of application scenarios for battery performance. The high cost of battery sorting for echelon utilization has become a technical bottleneck limiting its large-scale application. To reduce the cost of sorting and improving the technical and economic efficiency of battery echelon utilization, this study first studies the AC impedance characteristics of echelon-utilization batteries in different states, extracts characteristic frequency points to characterize battery states, and establishes a multifrequency point-based state of health (SOH) evaluation model for echelon utilization. Then, for developing a new model for echelon-utilization batteries, the model is optimized by testing the AC impedance and SOH data of a small number of samples. Finally, the open circuit voltage, multifrequency impedance, and estimated capacity were used as parameters for echelon-utilization battery sorting and compared with traditional sorting methods. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the optimized model in evaluating the SOH of the new battery model is within 3% and the MAPE is 1.93%, i.e., there is a significant reduction in the evaluation error compared to the unoptimized model. The cycling performance of battery pack sorting using this method is very close to that of traditional methods, which verifies the effectiveness of this sorting method. Moreover, this method can considerably shorten the sorting time of echelon-utilization batteries and has good engineering application value.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, echelon utilization, AC impedance spectroscopy, sorting technology

中图分类号:

TM 912

范茂松, 耿萌萌, 赵光金, 杨凯, 王放放, 刘皓. 基于多频点阻抗的梯次利用电池分选技术研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(7): 2202-2210.

Maosong FAN, Mengmeng GENG, Guangjin ZHAO, Kai YANG, Fangfang WANG, Hao LIU. Research on battery sorting technology for echelon utilization based on multifrequency impedance[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(7): 2202-2210.

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参数类型	参数值
电池型号	FC2P1
电池体系	磷酸铁锂/石墨
额定容量	22 Ah
额定电压	3.2 V
电池质量	(550±15) g
退役时容量	17.5～18.5 Ah
退役时内阻	2.5～3.5 mΩ
充电截止电压	3.65 V
放电截止电压	2.5 V

电池编号	初始容量/Ah	充放电深度	循环次数	容量保持率/%
1#	18.131	20%DOD	10000	91.33
2#	18.181	20%DOD	10000	91.47
3#	18.209	50%DOD	4000	89.69
4#	18.190	50%DOD	4000	90.66
5#	18.147	80%DOD	2500	88.80
6#	18.161	80%DOD	2500	89.90
7#	18.015	100%DOD	2000	87.83
8#	18.010	100%DOD	2000	87.50

本工作分选方法		常规分选方法
分选参量	阈值	分选参量	阈值
开路电压	≤30 mV	开路电压	≤30 mV
特征频点阻抗值	偏差≤10%	1000 Hz内阻	偏差≤10%
估算容量	偏差≤5%	实测容量	偏差≤5%

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