十二水磷酸氢二钠复合相变材料制备及应用于大棚降温的节能效果

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0483

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温室大棚利用温室效应原理，维持植物适宜的生长环境。当光照强烈时，大棚内的温度可能超过植物正常的生长温度，此时需要采取适当的降温措施。本工作将相变储热技术应用于温室大棚，采用被动控温原理降低大棚的峰值温度，减少主动降温的能耗。选择十二水磷酸氢二钠为相变材料，添加成核剂和增稠剂后制得复合相变材料以改善水合无机盐的过冷和稳定性问题，使用步冷曲线法、差示扫描量热仪、同步热分析仪等测试材料性能。将复合相变材料封装成板，装配到温室大棚中，在实际光照条件下测试相变板对大棚内部热环境的影响。结果表明，4%质量分数的九水硅酸钠可以将十二水磷酸氢二钠的过冷度由12 ℃降低至0.5 ℃；黄原胶作为增稠剂，当质量分数为5%时，材料循环稳定性良好；复合材料的相变温度和潜热分别为34.2 ℃和194.5 J/g，适合用于温室大棚。连续24 h的温度检测显示大棚的峰值温度相比未装配相变板的参考大棚降低3.5 ℃，峰值时间推迟32 min，高温总时长相比参考大棚明显缩短。因此，十二水磷酸氢二钠复合相变材料应用于温室大棚可以起到改善大棚高温环境，降低制冷能耗的作用。

关键词: 温室大棚, 相变材料, 十二水磷酸氢二钠, 降温能耗

Abstract:

Greenhouses exploit the principle of greenhouse effect to maintain an optimal growth environment for plants. Under intense sunlight, the temperature inside greenhouses may exceed a suitable growth temperature; therefore, appropriate cooling measures must be implemented. In this study, phase-change energy storage technology is applied to greenhouses by exploiting passive temperature control to reduce the peak temperature of the greenhouse and thereby reduce energy consumption. Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) was used as the phase change material (PCM). After the addition of nucleating agents and thickeners, a composite PCM was prepared, which exhibited a low supercooling degree and good cycle stability. Its performance was evaluated using the step-cooling curve method, differential scanning calorimetry, and a simultaneous thermal analyzer. Next, the composite PCM was packaged into panels and installed in a greenhouse, and the impact of the phase-change panels on the thermal environment inside the greenhouse under actual sunlight conditions was investigated. The results revealed that sodium metasilicate nonahydrate with a mass fraction of 4% can reduce the supercooling of DHPD from 12 ℃ to 0.5 ℃. Using xanthan gum with a mass fraction of 5% as the thickener, the composite PCM exhibited good cycle stability. The phase change temperature and latent heat of the prepared composite were 34.2 ℃ and 194.5 J/g, respectively, which were found to be suitable for greenhouses. Continuous 24 h temperature detection revealed that the peak temperature of the greenhouse was reduced by 3.5 ℃ in comparison with that of the reference greenhouse without phase change panels. The corresponding peak time was delayed by 32 min. In addition, the total duration of high temperature was significantly shortened in compared to that of the reference. Therefore, the application of the DHPD composite PCM in greenhouses can improve the high-temperature environment of the greenhouse and reduce the energy consumption of cooling.

Key words: greenhouse, phase change material, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, cooling energy consumption

中图分类号:

TK 02

肖强强, 孙佳康, 唐洪达, 张林华, 刁乃仁, 李辉. 十二水磷酸氢二钠复合相变材料制备及应用于大棚降温的节能效果[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(12): 3635-3642.

Qiangqiang XIAO, Jiakang SUN, Hongda TANG, Linhua ZHANG, Nairen DIAO, Hui LI. Preparation and energy-saving effects of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate composite phase-change material applied in greenhouse cooling[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(12): 3635-3642.

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OSB位置	尺寸	数量
底板	1000 mm×500 mm×14 mm	1
矩形侧板	1000 mm×486 mm×14 mm	1
扇形侧板	1/4圆柱体，半径486 mm，高14 mm	2

样品	质量分数/%	熔化温度/℃	潜热/(J/g)
DHPD	100	35.0	250.7
DHPD/SMN	96.0	34.1	230.4
DHPD/SMN/XG	91.2	34.2	194.5

测温位置	大棚种类	峰值时间 (HH∶MM)	峰值温度/℃	峰温差/℃	温度迟滞/min
墙壁温度	参考大棚	12∶12	57.7	5.9	120
墙壁温度	相变大棚	14∶12	51.8	5.9	120
中心温度	参考大棚	12∶16	54.2	3.5	32
中心温度	相变大棚	12∶48	50.7	3.5	32

大棚类型	时间/min
大棚类型	>40 ℃	>45 ℃	>50 ℃
参考大棚	497	393	250
相变大棚	486	333	118

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