圆柱形锂离子电池在针刺条件下的安全性研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0654

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 1326-1334.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0654

圆柱形锂离子电池在针刺条件下的安全性研究

汤元会¹(), 袁博兴², 李杰³(), 张云龙²

^1.陕西省计量科学研究院，陕西西安 710199
^2.长安大学电子与控制工程学院
^3.长安大学能源与电气工程学院，陕西西安 710064

收稿日期:2023-09-19 修回日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-04-26 发布日期:2024-04-22
通讯作者: 李杰 E-mail:7985945@qq.com;jli@chd.edu.cn
作者简介:汤元会（1984—），女，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为锂电池安全，E-mail：7985945@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2021MK104);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022JY178)

Study on the safety of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under nail penetration conditions

Yuanhui TANG¹(), Boxing YUAN², Jie LI³(), Yunlong ZHANG²

^1.Shaanxi Institute of Metrology Science, Xi'an 710199, Shaanxi, China
^2.School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University
^3.School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-09-19 Revised:2023-10-09 Online:2024-04-26 Published:2024-04-22
Contact: Jie LI E-mail:7985945@qq.com;jli@chd.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动力电池受到尖锐物体挤压是汽车碰撞引发的主要损伤形式，也是一种十分严峻的工况，严重时锂离子电池会发生燃爆导致电动车损毁甚至是人身伤害。为了揭示锂离子电池在针刺工况下的安全性能，本工作采用自制搭建的针刺实验平台为基础，利用直径5 mm的平头钨钢针刺入18650圆柱形锂离子电池，讨论了4个参数（荷电状态、针刺速度、针刺深度和针刺位置）对锂离子电池安全性能的影响，利用红外摄像仪观测锂离子电池热失控现象，并记录锂离子电池在实验前后的温度、开路电压和载荷等表征数据。实验结果表明，锂离子电池在针刺工况下表现出明显的演变规律。锂离子电池在针刺失效后，并不会立即发生热失控，而是存在一定的反应时间；荷电状态越高，针刺深度越深，锂离子电池越容易发生热失控且与热失控剧烈程度成正相关；越靠近锂离子电池正负极两端，反应越剧烈；针刺速度与是否发生热失控没有明显的相关性。最后根据实验结果，为锂离子电池包的运输、安全使用和早期预警算法设计提供了建议。

关键词: 锂电池, 安全性能, 演变规律, 热失控

Abstract:

Sharp object intrusion, particularly during automobile collisions, represents a significant risk to power batteries, potentially causing serious damage including ignition or explosion of lithium-ion batteries. This can lead to catastrophic outcomes for electric vehicles and pose risks to personal safety. This study aims to elucidate the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries under nail penetration conditions. Utilizing a custom-built experimental platform, we examined the effects of four parameters on battery safety: state of charge, penetration speed, penetration depth, and penetration location. Cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion batteries were subjected to penetration tests using a 5 mm diameter flat tungsten steel nail. The thermal runaway phenomenon was monitored using an infrared camera, and data such as temperature, open-circuit voltage, and load were recorded before and after the tests. Our findings indicate a clear pattern in the batteries' response to nail penetration; they do not immediately undergo thermal runaway but exhibit a delayed reaction. Factors such as higher states of charge and greater penetration depths significantly increase the likelihood of thermal runaway, which is also more severe when penetration occurs closer to the battery's positive and negative terminals. However, the speed of penetration does not have a significant correlation with the occurrence of thermal runaway. Based on these results, we offer recommendations for the transport, safe usage, and early warning algorithm design of lithium-ion battery packs.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, safety, evolution rule, thermal runaway

中图分类号:

X 932

汤元会, 袁博兴, 李杰, 张云龙. 圆柱形锂离子电池在针刺条件下的安全性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(4): 1326-1334.

Yuanhui TANG, Boxing YUAN, Jie LI, Yunlong ZHANG. Study on the safety of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under nail penetration conditions[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(4): 1326-1334.

图/表 11

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

参考文献 12

1	DUAN X D, WANG H C, JIA Y K, et al. A multiphysics understanding of internal short circuit mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries upon mechanical stress abuse[J]. ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2022, 2022(5): 558.
2	YU H Q, ZHANG L S, WANG W T, et al. State of charge estimation method by using a simplified electrochemical model in deep learning framework for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy, 2023, 278: 127846.
3	WANG J G, MEI W X, CUI Z X, et al. Experimental and numerical study on penetration-induced internal short-circuit of lithium-ion cell[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 171: 115082.
4	LIU Y Q, LI Y T, LIAO Y G, et al. Effects of state-of-charge and penetration location on variations in temperature and terminal voltage of a lithium-ion battery cell during penetration tests[J]. Batteries, 2021, 7(4): 81.
5	XU J J, MEI W X, ZHAO C P, et al. Study on thermal runaway mechanism of 1000mAh lithium ion pouch cell during nail penetration[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2021, 144(2): 273-284.
6	MAO N, GADKARI S, WANG Z R, et al. A comparative analysis of lithium-ion batteries with different cathodes under overheating and nail penetration conditions[J]. Energy, 2023, 278: 128027.
7	金标, 邹武元, 刘方方, 等. 电动汽车用磷酸铁锂电池针刺热失控试验研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2021(10): 37-41.
	JIN B, ZOU W Y, LIU F F, et al. Experimental investigation on thermal runaway of LiFePO₄ batteries for electric vehicles during nail penetration[J]. Automobile Technology, 2021(10): 37-41.
8	XU J, LIU B H, HU D Y. State of charge dependent mechanical integrity behavior of 18650 lithium-ion batteries[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 21829.
9	彭波, 罗琼瑶, 张怡, 等. 动力锂离子电池穿刺试验安全性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(3): 27-31.
	PENG B, LUO Q Y, ZHANG Y, et al. Study on safety of power Li-ion battery based on puncturing experiments[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(3): 27-31.
10	LIU B H, JIA Y K, LI J, et al. Safety issues caused by internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6(43): 21475-21484.
11	HUANG Z H, LI H, MEI W X, et al. Thermal runaway behavior of lithium iron phosphate battery during penetration[J]. Fire Technology, 2020, 56(6): 2405-2426.
12	YUAN C H, GAO X, WONG H K, et al. A multiphysics computational framework for cylindrical battery behavior upon mechanical loading based on LS-DYNA[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2019, 166(6): A1160.

参数	数值
直径	18 mm
长度	65 mm
标称电压	3.7 V
充电终止电压	4.2 V
放电截止电压	2.75 V
额定容量	1200 mAh

组别	样品编号	SOC/%	极限载荷下降时间节点t/s	端电压下降时间节点t/s
Group 1	1	20	114.4	121.1
	2	40	117	119.2
	3	60	116.8	117.5
	4	80	114.2	115.1
	5	100	111.8	112.5

[1]	王瑞梓, 刘训良, 豆瑞锋, 周文宁, 方娟. 三元软包锂离子电池放电过程扩散诱导应力与热应力对比研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(4): 1128-1141.
[2]	王玉婷, 李秋桐, 胡一鸣, 郭新. 锂离子电池内部信号监测技术概述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(4): 1253-1265.
[3]	肖威, 吴晓文, 孙静玲, 陈炜. 储能锂电池模组温度场数值计算与散热系统优化设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(4): 1159-1166.
[4]	茆志友, 宁小玉, 张培培, 张贝, 相佳媛. 陶瓷隔膜对锂离子电池热失控影响及电池设计优化分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(4): 1154-1158.
[5]	孙蔷馥, 申晓宇, 岑官骏, 乔荣涵, 朱璟, 郝峻丰, 张新新, 田孟羽, 金周, 詹元杰, 闫勇, 贲留斌, 俞海龙, 刘燕燕, 黄学杰. 锂电池百篇论文点评（2023.12.1—2024.1.31）[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 725-741.
[6]	何春汕, 王子阳, 姚斌. 不同放电功率下的储能用磷酸铁锂电池热失控特性实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 981-989.
[7]	朱亚宁, 张振东, 盛雷, 陈龙, 朱泽华, 付林祥, 毕青. 21700锂离子电池在不同健康状态下的热失控实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 971-980.
[8]	郭琦琳, 陶亮宇, 马哲树, 顾永明, 王钰婷. 纯电动SUV汽车火灾数值模拟分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 1000-1008.
[9]	袁照凯, 范秋华, 王冬青, 孙天民. 基于MIAEKF的多温度下锂电池SOC估计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 680-690.
[10]	陶致格, 朱顺兵, 侯双平, 李可, 王赫. 锂电池储能电站火灾与消防安全防护技术综合研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 536-545.
[11]	雷旗开, 余胤, 彭鹏, 陈满, 金凯强, 王青松. 隔热材料布局方式对280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池热失控传播抑制效果的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 495-502.
[12]	宋梦琼, 彭宇, 廖自强. 基于电化学热耦合模型的电池热管理研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 578-585.
[13]	靳欣, 张建茹, 王其钰, 张锐, 王碧童, 张中洋, 俞海龙, 禹习谦, 李泓. 混合固液锂离子电池的热失控行为研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 48-56.
[14]	张新新, 申晓宇, 岑官骏, 乔荣涵, 朱璟, 郝峻丰, 孙蔷馥, 田孟羽, 金周, 詹元杰, 武怿达, 闫勇, 贲留斌, 俞海龙, 刘燕燕, 黄学杰. 锂电池百篇论文点评（2023.10.1—2023.11.30）[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 252-269.
[15]	刘红, 李俊霞. 高比能二次锂电池电极材料的储能系统配电网运行建模与仿真研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 342-344.

圆柱形锂离子电池在针刺条件下的安全性研究

Study on the safety of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under nail penetration conditions

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 12

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

组别	样品编号	SOC/%	针刺速度/(mm/min)	针刺位置/mm	针刺深度/mm
Group1	1	20	5	C	13
	2	40	5	C	13
	3	60	5	C	13
	4	80	5	C	13
	5	100	5	C	13

Group2	6	40	1	C	13
	7	40	10	C	13
	8	40	20	C	13

Group3	9	40	5	C	10
	10	40	5	C	11
	11	40	5	C	12
	12	40	5	C	16

Group4	13	40	5	A	13
Group4	14	40	5	E	13