关键词: 有机电极材料, 储能机制, 低温电池, 双离子电池

Abstract:

Commercial lithium-ion batteries predominantly utilize inorganic intercalation compounds as electrodes. However, these materials experience notable capacity degradation at <-20℃, thereby restricting their broader application in sectors such as electric vehicles, aerospace exploration, and military defense. Organic electrodes, characterized by their redox-active groups, demonstrate rapid reaction kinetics, adaptability to various ions, and robust low-temperature electrochemical performance. Moreover, the flexibility in structural design, abundance of elemental resources, and environmental sustainability of organic materials have garnered increasing interest in the domain of rechargeable batteries. This review highlights recent advancements in low-temperature organic batteries by categorizing organic electrode materials based on their distinct energy storage mechanisms and discussing the attributes that facilitate their rapid kinetics and effective performance in cold environments. The discussion extends to several notable low-temperature organic battery types, including organic metal (ion), nonmetal-ion, and dual-ion batteries, elaborating on their unique electrochemical behaviors. The review concludes by outlining the potential applications and challenges of employing organic electrodes in low-temperature rechargeable batteries, ultimately aiming to guide the development of future organic electrode materials and their integration with compatible electrolytes.

Key words: organic electrodes, energy storage mechanism, low-temperature battery, dual-ion battery