飞轮阵列参与电网一次调频双层控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0973

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着大规模随机波动的新能源接入电网，频率波动问题愈发突出，飞轮储能阵列参与电网一次调频可以有效提高系统频率稳定性和电网的安全性。针对飞轮储能系统以及阵列中各单元的功率分配问题，提出一种考虑飞轮阵列损耗、减小系统频率偏差以及改善火电机组出力波动的双层控制策略，上层提出动态下垂-惯性协调控制策略；下层考虑飞轮阵列损耗，通过建立飞轮阵列损耗的数学模型，基于Logistic函数建立飞轮出力不等式约束，采用粒子群算法求解飞轮单体的最优分配功率，在满足系统需求的同时减少整体功率损耗。仿真结果表明，所提控制策略能够提高系统频率稳定性、减少火电机组磨损以及降低飞轮阵列的功率损耗。

关键词: 飞轮阵列, 一次调频, 双层控制策略, 阵列损耗

Abstract:

The large-scale integration of new energy sources into the power grid has led to increased frequency fluctuations, posing challenges to system stability. The participation of a flywheel energy storage array in primary frequency regulation can effectively enhance frequency stability and improve grid security. To address power distribution within the flywheel energy storage system and among individual units in the array, a two-layer control strategy is proposed. This strategy considers flywheel array losses, reduces system frequency deviation, and mitigates output fluctuations in thermal power units. The upper-layer control incorporates a dynamic droop-inertia coordinated strategy. A mathematical model is developed to quantify flywheel array losses, and an inequality constraint on flywheel output is established using the Logistic function. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to determine the optimal power distribution among flywheel units, ensuring system requirements are met while minimizing overall power losses. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy enhances system frequency stability, reduces wear on thermal power units, and lowers the power losses of the flywheel array.

Key words: flywheel array, primary frequency modulation, two-layer control strategy, array loss

中图分类号:

TM 921

刘晓悦, 陈炎, 孙小菲. 飞轮阵列参与电网一次调频双层控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(4): 1536-1547.

Xiaoyue LIU, Yan CHEN, Xiaofei SUN. The flywheel array participates in a two-layer control strategy for primary frequency modulation of the power grid[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1536-1547.

图/表 19

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图 6

表1

表2

表3

图7

图8

表4

阶跃负荷扰动下评价指标"

控制策略	$Δ f m a x$	V_m
无储能	2.272×10^-3	2.524×10^-3
定K法	1.575×10^-3	1.280×10^-3
变K法	1.765×10^-3	1.604×10^-3
本策略	1.478×10^-3	0.985×10^-3

表4

图9

图10

图11

图12

表5

连续负荷扰动下评价指标"

控制策略	$△ f m a x$	Rms(f)
无储能	4.067×10^-3	—
定K法	3.833×10^-3	0.5363×10^-3
变K法	3.396×10^-3	0.667×10^-3
本策略	3.059×10^-3	0.598×10^-3

表5

图13

图14

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主要参数	数值
T_g/s	0.08
T_CH/s	0.3
T_RH/s	10
F_HP	0.3
H	2
D	1

主要参数	数值
定子电阻R_S/Ω	0.001506
永磁磁链Ψ_f/Wb	0.191
摩擦系数F/(N·m·s)	0.00218
d轴定子电感L_d /H	0.000092
q轴定子电感L_q /H	0.000123
极对数p	1
C_m/(W·s²/kg)	0.01
C_mag/(W·s/kg)	0.05
C_mag2/(W·s²/kg)	0.002
C_elec1/(W/kW)	0.1
C_elec2/(W/kW²)	0.005

参数	数值	参数	数值
K_m	3	SOC_max	0.9
M₀	2	SOC₁	0.83
α	4	SOC₂	0.75
P₀	0.01	SOC₃	0.50
m	32	SOC₄	0.16
f_d	0.0006	SOC_min	0.1

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