储能电池一次调频无模型自适应控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0269

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为发挥储能电池对电网调频特性的改善功能，针对储能电池参与电网一次调频进行了深入研究。首先建立含储能电池的高渗透率新能源区域电网的频率特性模型，并对其进行幅频特性分析，结果表明储能的加入可以有效提高电网的频率稳定性；为保证储能电池荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)的保持效果、电网调频需求以及储能电池的精确数学模型无法确定因素，提出一种考虑电池SOC，基于储能系统输入输出数据驱动的无模型自适应的储能控制策略，并给出相应的调频效果和SOC保持效果指标；最后在Matlab/Simulink搭建典型高渗透率新能源区域电网调频模型进行仿真。结果表明，所提策略能提高电网的抗干扰及自适应能力；与其他传统控制策略比较，所提策略在阶跃负荷扰动情况下，调频效果指标较佳；在长时负荷扰动(连续)情况下，所提策略的SOC指标最优，调频效果指标最佳。仿真结果验证了所提策略的可行性及优势。本文采用数据驱动研究方法，并没有采用传统的模型法，摆脱了对受控系统数学模型的高度依赖，有助于推动储能电池参与电网调频的更高效应用，为加速双碳目标提供更多思路。

关键词: 储能, 一次调频, 区域电网, 荷电状态, 数据驱动, 无模型自适应

Abstract:

The participation of energy storage batteries in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid has been studied extensively to improve the frequency regulation characteristics of the power grid by energy storage batteries. First, the frequency characteristic model of a high permeability new energy regional power grid with an energy storage battery was established, and its amplitude-frequency characteristics were analyzed. The addition of energy storage can effectively improve the frequency stability of the power grid. A model-free self-adaptive energy storage control strategy considering the battery state of charge and based on the input and output data of the energy storage system is proposed to ensure the state of charge (SOC) holding effect of the energy storage battery, the frequency modulation demand of the power grid, and the uncertainty of the accurate mathematical model of the energy storage battery. The corresponding frequency modulation effect and charge state holding effect indices were given. Finally, a typical high permeability new energy regional power grid frequency modulation model was simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The results showed that the proposed strategy could improve the anti-interference and self-adaptive ability of the power grid. Compared to traditional control strategies, the proposed strategy had a significant frequency modulation effect under step load disturbance. In the case of a longterm load disturbance (continuous), the state of the charge index of the proposed strategy was the best, and the frequency modulation effect index was significant. The simulation results verified the feasibility and advantages of the proposed strategy. This paper adopts the data-driven research method instead of the traditional model method, which removes the strong dependence on the mathematical model of the controlled system, helps promote the energy storage battery to participate in the more efficient application of power grid frequency regulation, and provides more ideas for accelerating the dual carbon goal.

Key words: energy storage, primary frequency modulation, regional power grid, state of charge, data driven, model-free adaptation

中图分类号:

廖世强, 张新燕, 刘莎莎, 张光昊, 黄利祥, 施锐. 储能电池一次调频无模型自适应控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3221-3230.

Shiqiang LIAO, Xinyan ZHANG, Shasha LIU, Guanghao ZHANG, Lixiang HUANG, Rui SHI. Model-free adaptive control strategy for primary frequency modulation of energy storage battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3221-3230.

图/表 18

图1

图 2

图 3

图 4

图 5

图 6

图 7

图 8

表 1

初始 QSOC=0.5下的调频评价指标"

方法	$Δ f m$	$Δ f s$	$α$	$β$
本文策略	0.1861	0.1218	0.4834	0.0034
定K法	0.1861	0.1231	0.4834	0.0021
变K法	0.2510	0.1589	0.3643	0.0024
无储能	0.4715	0.2262	0.4710	0.0067

表 1

图 9

图 10

图 11

图 12

图 13

表 2

5 min连续负荷扰动评价指标"

方法	$Q f$	$P S O C$
本文策略	0.0959	0.0804
定K法	0.0901	0.0841
变K法	0.1182	0.0554
无储能	0.1639	—

表 2

图 14

图 15

表 3

1 h连续负荷扰动评价指标"

方法	$Q f$	$P S O C$
本文策略	0.1432	0.2530
定K法	0.1496	0.4485
变K法	0.1489	0.2561
无储能	0.1605	—

表 3

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