液态空气储能技术研究现状与展望

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液态空气储能技术凭借其在提升电网稳定性方面的独特优势，正日益受到关注。本文首先介绍了液态空气储能的基本原理及其工作方式，接着综述了该技术在独立式系统、耦合式系统及多联产系统等不同应用场景下的国内外最新研究进展。目前，多个示范项目的建成投运验证了液态空气储能技术的可行性与广阔应用前景。尤其是在与液化天然气再气化、工业余热利用等其他能源系统耦合的过程中，该技术表现出显著的多能转化优势，实现了电、冷、热的高效综合利用。未来，液态空气储能技术将朝着提高系统循环效率、优化储能密度、降低成本等方向不断优化发展，并通过与其他能源系统的多能耦合模式，进一步推动其在电力系统中的大规模应用。在削峰填谷、调频调峰、平滑可再生能源输出等方面，液态空气储能有望成为支撑低碳能源系统转型的关键技术。

关键词: 液态空气, 储能技术, 储能密度, 多能耦合, 低碳能源

Abstract:

The liquid air energy storage (LAES) technology, with its unique advantages in enhancing grid stability, has garnered increasing attention. This paper first introduces the basic principles and operating mechanisms of LAES. It then reviews the latest research advancements in this technology across various applications, including independent systems, coupled systems, and multi-output systems. Currently, the successful commissioning of several demonstration projects has validated the feasibility and broad application prospects of LAES technology. Notably, in the process of coupling with other energy systems, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification and industrial waste heat utilization, this technology demonstrates significant multi-energy conversion advantages, achieving efficient integration of electricity, cooling, and heating. In the future, LAES technology is expected to continue evolving towards improved system cycle efficiency, optimized energy density, and reduced costs. Furthermore, by integrating with other energy systems through multi-energy coupling modes, it will promote the large-scale application of LAES in power systems. LAES is anticipated to play a crucial role in peak shaving, frequency modulation, and smoothing renewable energy output, thereby serving as a key technology supporting the transition to a low-carbon energy system.

Key words: liquid air, energy storage technology, energy density, multi-energy coupling, low-carbon energy

中图分类号:

TK02

高远志, 殷戈, 孙雪丽, 张振明, 苏宇, 黄峰, 冯小雅, 何腾飞, 王晨, 张小松. 液态空气储能技术研究现状与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0307.

Yuanzhi GAO, Ge YIN, Xueli SUN, Zhenming ZHANG, Yu SU, Feng HUANG, Xiaoya FENG, Tengfei HE, Chen WANG, Xiaosong ZHANG. Research status and outlooks of liquid air energy storage technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0307.

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