储能科学与技术

• XXXX •    

卡诺电池冷热电联产系统的变工况动态特性研究

黄佳兴1(), 赵耀1,2(), 杜璞良3, 孙培锋4, 李继宇5   

  1. 1.上海交通大学智慧能源创新学院，上海 200240
    2.上海非碳基能源转换与利用研究院，上海 200240
    3.上海电力大学经济与管理学院，上海 201306
    4.国家电投集团能源科学技术研究院，上海 200240
    5.国网福建省电力有限公司经济技术研究院，福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 修回日期:2025-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 赵耀 E-mail:huangjiaxing@sjtu.edu.cn;zhaoyao@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄佳兴（1997-），男，在读博士生，E-mail：huangjiaxing@sjtu.edu.cn；
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51906150)

Dynamic performance analysis of a Carnot battery-based combined cooling, heating, and power system under variable operating conditions

Jiaxing HUANG1(), Yao ZHAO1,2(), Puliang DU3, Peifeng SUN4, Jiyu LI5   

  1. 1.College of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    2.Shanghai Institute of Non-carbon-based Energy Conversion and Utilisation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    3.College of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China
    4.Energy Science and Technology Research Institute, State Power Investment Corporation, Shanghai 200240, China
    5.State Grid Fujian Power Economic Research Institute, Fuzhou 350013, China
  • Received:2025-05-30 Revised:2025-06-19
  • Contact: Yao ZHAO E-mail:huangjiaxing@sjtu.edu.cn;zhaoyao@sjtu.edu.cn

摘要：

卡诺电池因其热-电转化的工作特性可拓展为冷热电联产系统，配合梯级储热/冷技术能进一步实现电能和多品位冷/热能的灵活供给。鉴于可再生能源输入与负荷需求具有显著的时变特性，探究系统动态响应特性成为突破技术应用瓶颈、实现其规模化部署的关键。本文建立了基于梯级相变储热/冷的卡诺电池冷热电联产系统动态仿真模型，分析了电功率与供热/冷功率扰动下系统的多能协同响应特性，揭示了系统各部件出口温度和压力、工质质量流量和压缩/膨胀机转速的动态演变规律。结果表明，梯级相变储热/冷单元展现出一定的热缓冲能力，可有效平抑工质流量波动引起的出口温度变化，使得供热/冷功率主要受控于其工质流量且动态响应快于电功率。并且，基于梯级相变储热/冷的卡诺电池冷热电联产系统具有多能协同抗干扰能力，电功率与热/冷功率扰动互不干扰，可实现冷热电协同稳定运行。此外，压缩/膨胀机转速与工质质量流量在储能过程与输入电功率波动呈正相关，电功率下降5%导致其分别下降0.8%和2.7%；在释能过程与用电负载波动呈负相关，负载下降5%导致其上升1.4%和4.5%。本文的动态特性研究可为后续控制策略的制定提供指导。

关键词: 卡诺电池, 梯级相变储热/冷, 动态特性, 冷热电联产

Abstract:

Carnot batteries are expected to evolve into combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems due to their thermo-electric conversion principle. This integration, combined with cascaded latent heat and cold storage technologies, will further enable the flexible supply of electricity alongside multi-grade heat and cold. Given the time-varying nature of renewable energy inputs and load demands, investigating the dynamic response characteristics is crucial for overcoming technical application barriers and facilitating large-scale deployment. This study develops a dynamic model of a Carnot battery-based CCHP system with cascaded latent heat and cold storage. The model analyses the system's multi-energy coordinated response under disturbances in electrical and heating/cooling power outputs, and examines the dynamic evolution of outlet temperatures and pressures, working fluid mass flow rates, and the rotational speeds of the compressor and expander. Results show that the cascaded latent heat and cold storage units exhibit significant thermal buffering capacity, effectively smoothing outlet temperature fluctuations caused by variations in working fluid flow rate. As a result, heating/cooling power outputs are primarily controlled by the working fluid flow rate and respond more rapidly than electrical power. Additionally, the system demonstrates robust multi-energy disturbance resistance, where disturbances in electric and thermal/cooling power are independent, enabling stable co-generation of cooling, heating, and electricity. Furthermore, compressor/expander speed and mass flow rate are positively correlated with power input during charging, with a 5% decrease in electrical input results in reductions of 0.8% and 2.7%, respectively. Conversely, during discharging, they are negatively correlated with load fluctuations, with a 5% reduction in load leads to respective increases of 1.4% and 4.5%. This dynamic analysis provides valuable insights for the development of future control strategies.

Key words: Carnot battery, cascaded latent heat/cold stores, dynamic characteristics, combined cooling, heating and power

中图分类号: