MW级飞轮电机转子中空轴内通流散热实验研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0518

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对真空环境下大容量飞轮储能系统电机转子的散热难题，本文基于1.25MW飞轮储能机组，提出了飞轮电机转子中空轴内通流散热方案，以降低转子温升。首先，基于热传导方程和对流传热方程建立了转子轴系温度场数学模型。理论计算表明，在无冷却工况下，转子表面温度随运行时间呈线性增长；而采用轴内通流散热方案后，转子温度最终可稳定在一定值。为验证所提方案的可行性和有效性，建立了真空飞轮电机转子轴内通流散热实验台。实验结果表明，轴内通流散热方案能够有效抑制转子温升。进一步研究表明，增加导热油流量可增强散热效果，提升转速能有效控制转子温升，且加热功率与温升速率呈线性正相关本文可为高功率密度转子热管理设计提供了理论依据与工程实践参考。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 电机转子, 中空轴冷却, 对流传热

Abstract:

The cooling of motor rotors in large-capacity flywheel energy storage systems operating in vacuum environments presents a significant challenge, which this work seeks to address. Focusing on a 1.25MW flywheel energy storage unit, an axial internal flow cooling scheme for the hollow shaft of the flywheel motor rotor is proposed. This scheme aims to reduce rotor temperature rise. To achieve this, a mathematical model of the rotor shaft temperature field has been developed by integrating heat conduction and convection equations. The model's predictions reveal that, in the absence of any cooling measures, the rotor surface temperature exhibits a linear upward trend as operating time increases. However, with the implementation of the proposed hollow shaft internal flow cooling scheme, the rotor temperature can be effectively stabilized, demonstrating the scheme's potential in controlling temperature rise. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed cooling scheme, an experimental platform has been carefully designed and constructed. The experimental results show that the hollow shaft internal flow cooling scheme is highly effective in curbing rotor temperature rise. Detailed analysis shows that increasing the flow rate of the cooling medium (heat transfer oil) leads to a significant enhancement in cooling effectiveness. Further research shows that increasing the flow rate of heat transfer oil can enhance the heat dissipation effect, raising the rotational speed can effectively control the temperature rise of the rotor, and increasing the heating power can increase the temperature rise rate linearly. This paper provides a practical and effective solution to the pressing issue of rotor cooling in such systems.

Key words: Flywheel energy storage system, Motor rotor, hollow shaft cooling, Convection heat transfer

中图分类号:

TK 02

李博文, 文贤馗, 范强, 古庭赟, 史正军, 张晓寅. MW级飞轮电机转子中空轴内通流散热实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0518.

Bowen LI, Xiankui WEN, Qiang FAN, Tingyun GU, Zhengjun SHI, Xiaoyin ZHANG. Experimental study on heat dissipation through circulation in the hollow shaft of MW-class flywheel motor rotor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0518.

图/表 12

图 1

图 2

图 3

表 1

轴内流动传热参变量"

尺寸参数	变量名	值 $m m$	工况参数	变量名
导管内、外径	$2 r i, 2 r o$	44.845, 47.803	入口流速	$u i$
导管与中空轴顶距	$S$	63	入口温度	$T i$
中空轴内径	$2 r f i$	100	转轴转速	$n$
流道出口内径	$2 r f o$	59	转子发热量	$Φ$
转子直径	$2 R$	472	环境压力	$p 0$
转子高度	$H$	575

表 1

表 2

材料物性参数（25℃）"

材料	钢	硅钢片	导热油
密度 $k g / m 3$	7850	7650	823.8
导热系数 $W / m · K$	44	35	0.1284
比热容 $J / k g · K$	460	500	1906.8
动力粘度 $k g / m · s$	—	—	0.02812

表 2

图 4

表 3

表 4

图 5

图 6

图 7

图 8

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序号	类型	型号	量程	精度	位置
1	温度	红外温度传感器	0~200℃	±1℃	转子轴顶端、底端
2	温度	PT100热电阻	0~300℃	±0.1℃	油箱出口、导管入口
3	流量	涡街流量计	0~50L/min	1.5%	导管入口
4	压力	ZJ-52T真空规管	0.1~10⁵Pa	25%	真空泵
5	转速	霍尔传感器	0~20kHz	5%	转子轴顶测速齿盘

序号	腔内压力Pa	转轴转速rpm	磁加热功率W	导热油流量L/min
1	7000	0	500	21
2	7000	300	500	21
3	7000	600	500	21
4	7000	900	500	21
5	7000	300	1000	21
6	7000	300	1500	21
7	7000	300	500	13
8	7000	300	500	17

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