飞轮储能系统磁轴承电磁特性与温升特性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0523

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

飞轮储能系统通过电机加速飞轮将电能转化为动能存储或减速制动发电释放动能，并依靠电力电子装置控制电机的加速或减速实现动能与电能的双向转换，具有响应快、充放频次高、转换效率高、寿命长等特点，广泛应用于电力调频、能量回收、不间断供电等领域。本文提出一种大功率飞轮储能系统磁轴承的设计方案，采用径向和轴向重载电磁轴承相结合的支承方式。运用有限元数值计算手段，系统开展该装置的电磁特性分析。通过建立多物理场耦合模型，实现电磁场与温度场的双向耦合仿真，从而全面评估磁轴承在不同电流下的温度分布。结果表明，所设计的重载电磁轴承性能满足设计要求，自然空冷的方式能保证系统安全运行。降低电流有助于提升热安全性，但会降低电磁力，因此，飞轮储能系统磁轴承设计需在热管理与电磁性能之间实现合理权衡。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 磁轴承, 有限元分析, 电磁性能, 温度场

Abstract:

The flywheel energy storage system converts electrical energy into kinetic energy by accelerating the flywheel through a motor, storing it, decelerating and braking it to generate electricity, and releasing kinetic energy. It relies on power electronic devices to control the acceleration or deceleration of the motor to achieve energy conversion. It has the characteristics of fast response, high charging and discharging frequency, high conversion efficiency, and long service life, and is widely used in fields such as power frequency regulation, energy recovery, and uninterrupted power supply.. This paper proposes a design scheme for the magnetic bearing of a high-power flywheel energy storage system, utilizing a support method combining radial and axial heavy-load electromagnetic bearings. The finite element method is used to complete the electromagnetic performance simulation analysis of the system. Furthermore, a multi-physics coupled model is established to perform a bidirectional coupling analysis between the electromagnetic field and the thermal field, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the temperature distribution of the magnetic bearings under different current conditions.The results show that the performance of the designed heavy-duty electromagnetic bearing meets the design requirements, and the natural air-cooling method can ensure the safe operation of the system. Although reducing the coil current contributes to improved thermal safety, it also leads to a decrease in electromagnetic force. Therefore, the design of magnetic bearings in flywheel energy storage systems must achieve a proper trade-off between thermal management and electromagnetic performance.

Key words: Flywheel energy storage, Electromagnetic bearing, Finite element analysis, Electromagnetic performance, Thermal field

中图分类号:

TK 02

文贤馗, 李博文, 史正军, 叶华洋, 庞玲蓉, 张晓寅. 飞轮储能系统磁轴承电磁特性与温升特性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0523.

Xiankui WEN, Bowen LI, Zhengjun SHI, Huayang YE, Lingrong PANG, Xiaoyin ZHANG. Analysis of Electromagnetic and Thermal Characteristics of Magnetic Bearings in Flywheel Energy Storage Systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0523.

图/表 19

图1

图2

表1

轴向电磁轴承的设计参数"

序号	符号	名称	数值	单位
1	d_z0	转子内径	200	mm
2	d_z	转子外径	300	mm
3	D_z0	定子内径	220.5	mm
4	D_z	定子外径	257.5	mm
5	h	磁极高度	23	mm
6	Az	内外环面积	18891.3	mm²
7	c₁	内环宽度	47.5	mm
8	c₂	外环宽度	35.85	mm
9	b	推力盘厚度	86.3	mm
10	$N z$	线圈匝数	191	-

表1

图3

表2

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表3

不同表面的对流换热系数"

散热面位置	对流换热系数/ W/(m² $⋅$ K)
轴向定子表面	16.7
径向定子表面	19.3
线圈绕组表面	13.3
定子磁极内圆面转子的端面	85.4 61.3

表3

部件

导热系数/w/(m

⋅

密度kg/m³

比热容J/(kg

⋅

DT4C

7872

448

硅钢叠片

$λ x = λ y =$ 39.7

$λ z =$ 5.5

7600

460

线圈绕组

398

8933

390

图13

图14

图15

参考文献 15

[1]	唐西胜, 娄彦涛, 戴兴建, 等. 飞轮储能技术及其构网应用展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 1-13.
[2]	吴刚, 刘昆, 张育林. 磁悬浮飞轮技术及其应用研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2005, (03): 385-390.
[3]	Lin Z, Liu K, Zhang W. Inertially stabilized platform for airborne remote sensing using magnetic breaings [J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2016, 21(1): 288-301.
[4]	Mu Q, Liu G, Lei X. A RBFNN-Based Adaptive Disturbance Compensation Approach Applied to Magnetic Suspension Inertially Stabilized Platform[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014: 1-9.
[5]	Fang J,Wang C,Wen T.Design and Optimization of a Radial Hybrid Magneitc Bearing With Separate Poles for Magnetically Suspended Inertially Stabilized Platfoem [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2014, 50(5): 1-11.
[6]	张和洪. 多自由度磁浮式精密定位平台悬浮控制技术研究[D]. 长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2018.
[7]	杨盛林, 刘昱, 刘玉峰. 惯性平台热场分析及热设计的改进[J]. 中国惯性技术学报, 2005, (01): 7-11.
[8]	叶品州. 径向电磁轴承铁心损耗计算方法与温度场仿真分析[D].济南:山东大学, 2020.002243
[9]	江善林. 高速永磁同步电机的损耗分析与温度场计算[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学, 2010.
[10]	郝叶. 100kW、50000r/min高速永磁同步电机的设计与分析[D]. 沈阳工业大学, 2017.
[11]	戴兴建, 卫海岗, 沈祖培. 储能飞轮转子轴承系统动力学设计与试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2003, (04): 97-101.
[12]	陈小飞, 吉莉, 刘昆. 基于 BP 神经网络的磁悬浮飞轮控制[J]. 航天控制, 2010, (5): 3-8.
[13]	陈峻峰, 刘昆, 梁文杰等. 磁悬浮飞轮储能系统机电耦合非线性动力学研究[J]. 动力学与控制学报, 2013, 11(3): 225-234.
[14]	赵巍龙,张志洲,李优,等. 轻量型机载惯性稳定平台电磁轴承性能与温度场仿真分析[J]. 轴承, 2024(7): 115 - 121, 137.
[15]	刘钙, 朱熀秋. 飞轮储能用磁轴承综述[J]. 轴承, 2024(1): 9-18, 48.

序号	符号	名称	数值	单位
1	d_r0	转子内径	210	mm
2	d_r	转子外径	430	mm
3	L_r	转子宽度	254	mm
4	D_r0	定子内径	431	mm
5	D_r	定子外径	746	mm
6	L_r	定子宽度	250	mm
7	t	极柱宽度	110	mm
8	N_r	线圈匝数	124	-