非水系钠离子电池的电解质研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0192

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钠离子电池具有钠资源丰富、成本低等优势，是一种很有前景的储能电池体系。目前，国内外研究者们已开发出多种可行的钠离子电池正负极材料。钠离子电池电解质作为正负极材料参与氧化还原反应的媒介，其氧化还原窗口、钠离子的迁移和扩散、钠离子的溶剂化结构、钠离子与阴离子或溶剂之间的耦合关联作用等性质，是决定电极材料界面性质的关键因素。因而，钠离子电池电解质对钠离子电池体系的热力学和动力学性质具有重要的影响，如电极材料的结构稳定性、固态电解质膜（SEI）的组成和结构、电池的倍率性能、循环稳定性和热稳定性等。本文总结了有关非水系钠离子电池电解质的研究进展，包括液体电解液和固态电解质等，讨论了不同类型电解质的物理化学性质及其在钠离子电池中的应用。当前，钠离子电池液态和固态电解质仍存在电导率低、电化学窗口窄、SEI膜稳定性较差等问题。开发新型、低成本、高性能的钠离子电池电解质对钠离子电池的商业化应用至关重要。

关键词: 非水系钠离子电池, 液态电解质, 固态电解质, 电化学性能

Abstract:

Sodium ion batteries are promising for large scale energy storage due to high abundance and low cost of sodium resources. So far, researchers have proposed several possible cathode and anode materials for sodium ion batteries. Electrolytes, serving as the media for redox reactions on cathode and anode, largely determine the electrode-electrolyte interfaces through the redox window, Na⁺ diffusion and migration, solvation structure of Na ions, and the coupled Na cation-anion-solvent (or solid framework) correlations etc. The electrolyte and interface play important roles in the thermodynamic and kinetics situations in sodium ion batteries, such as the electrode material stability, SEI formation, battery rate performance, thermal stability and cycling performance. In this work, we reviewed recent progresses in non-aqueous liquid and solid electrolytes for sodium ion batteries. The physicochemical properties of electrolytes and their remaining issues such as low ionic conductivity, narrow electrochemical window and poor stability of SEI layers are carefully discussed. The commercialization of sodium ion battery technology still requires development of functional and low-cost sodium ion battery electrolyte and comprehensive understanding the electrode-electrolyte interface properties.

Key words: non-aqueous sodium ion batteries, liquid electrolyte, solid electrolyte, electrochemical performance

中图分类号:

TM 912

马梦莹, 潘慧霖, 胡勇胜. 非水系钠离子电池的电解质研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(5): 1234-1250.

Mengying MA, Huilin PAN, Yongsheng HU. Progress in electrolyte research for non-aqueous sodium ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(5): 1234-1250.

图/表 9

参考文献 98

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