电动客车用七氟丙烷灭火装置最佳热失控抑制参数研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0134

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新能源汽车是满足“可持续发展”政策，实现“碳中和”的主要发展方向之一。随着电动汽车的逐步普及，车载锂离子动力电池的安全问题得到越来越多的关注，热滥用、电滥用、机械滥用等均会造成电池燃烧、爆炸，因此开展动力电池热失控抑制研究具有重要的现实意义。本工作搭建了电动客车用202 Ah磷酸铁锂锂离子电池箱试验平台，利用七氟丙烷对锂离子电池热失控的抑制作用，从灭火剂剂量、喷放时机、喷放方式三个方面，分析了七氟丙烷对锂离子电池组热失控的抑制作用、效果和对电池箱的保护作用。结果表明：选用1.8 kg剂量(喷放速率0.06 kg/s)的灭火剂七氟丙烷以双侧间隙开孔软管的喷放方式能够有效抑制热失控；85 ℃是磷酸铁锂锂离子电池保护的关键点，在保证裕度下设计了触发温度为80 ℃的电动客车用灭火系统，灭火前后电池性能未发生明显变化，灭火系统能够提供安全保障。本研究有助于为车用七氟丙烷灭火系统的研发提供试验依据，推动锂离子电池电动客车灭火装置的应用。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 七氟丙烷, 抑制效果

Abstract:

One of the development directions to meet the "sustainable development" policy and achieve "carbon neutrality" is new energy vehicles. With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the safety of onboard lithium-ion power batteries has received increased attention. Thermal, electrical, and mechanical abuse will result in battery combustion and explosion. As a result, research into thermal runaway suppression of power batteries is important in practice. In this study, a 202 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery box experimental platform for electric buses is built. The inhibitory effects of heptafluoropropane on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries; the inhibitory effects of heptafluoropropane on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery backpacks; and the protective effects of heptafluoropropane on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery boxes are analyzed using three aspects: fire extinguishing agent dose; spraying time; and spraying mode. The results show that the hose with bilateral gap holes can spray 1.8 kg of fire extinguishing agent heptafluoropropane (at a rate of 0.06 kg/s) and effectively inhibit thermal runaway. It has also been found that the critical temperature for lithium iron phosphate battery protection is 85 ℃. A fire extinguishing system for electric buses with a trigger temperature of 80 ℃ is designed within the guaranteed margin. The results show that battery performance does not change significantly before and after fire extinguishing, and that the fire extinguishing system can provide safety guarantees. This study provides an experimental foundation for the research and development of vehicle heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing systems and helps in promoting the application of lithium-ion battery-electric bus fire extinguishing devices.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, heptafluoropropane gas, inhibitory effect

中图分类号:

TM 911

李天逸, 焦映厚. 电动客车用七氟丙烷灭火装置最佳热失控抑制参数研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3239-3245.

Tianyi LI, Yinghou JIAO. Research on optimal thermal runaway suppression parameters of heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing devices for electric buses[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3239-3245.

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序号	喷放孔孔径/mm	喷放孔数量/个	喷放时间/s	喷放速率/(kg/s)
1	直喷		20	0.09
2	2.0	10	30	0.06

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