锂离子电池快充策略技术研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0635

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电动汽车的普及是锂离子电池的主要需求来源之一。而电动汽车的充电性能是影响普及进程的一个重要的考量参数。在材料体系不变的情况下，取代传统恒流恒压充电策略的新型充电策略近10年内也吸引了很多研究者的关注。另外，新一代电池管理系统也对充电策略提出了更高的要求。本文阐述了各种优化的充电方法及其特点和应用。研究结果表明，与传统的恒流恒压充电策略相比，优化的充电方法可以减少充电时间，改善充电性能并有效延长电池寿命。最后，本文还提出了对未来优化充电策略的展望，希望未来在线辨识和实时更新的模型参数的方法或者通过在线的方法辨识特征信号带来更加强大的充电策略。

关键词: 快充, 充电策略, 电池管理系统, 锂离子电池, 电动汽车

Abstract:

The popularization of electric vehicles is one of the main sources of demand for lithium-ion batteries. The charging performance of electric vehicles is an important parameter that affects the popularization process. With the same material system, a new charging strategy that replaces the traditional constant current and voltage charging strategy has attracted many researchers' attention in recent years. In addition, the new generation of battery management systems stipulates higher requirements for charging strategies. This article describes various optimized charging methods and their characteristics and applications. The research results show that, compared with the traditional constant current and voltage charging strategy, the optimized charging method can reduce charging time, improve charging performance, and effectively extend battery life. Finally, this article also proposes an outlook for the future optimization of charging strategies, hoping that online identification and real-time update of model parameters or the identification of characteristic signals through online methods will bring more powerful charging strategies.

Key words: lithium plating detection, non-destructive detection, online detection, lithium-ion battery, battery safety

中图分类号:

TM 911

邓林旺, 冯天宇, 舒时伟, 张子峰, 郭彬. 锂离子电池快充策略技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(9): 2879-2890.

Linwang DENG, Tianyu FENG, Shiwei SHU, Zifeng ZHANG, Bin GUO. Review of a fast-charging strategy and technology for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(9): 2879-2890.

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类型	充电策略		时间	效率	温升	寿命	参考文献
充电波形控制方法	优化恒流恒压充电	CV-CC-CV充电策略	5 min充电至30%	—	—	无差别	[14]
	优化恒流恒压充电	CV阶段充电电流优化策略	提升23%	提高1.6%	—	—	[6]
	台阶优化充电	电压上限模式	40 min充电至70%	—	—	提升60%	[16]
			降低11.2%	提高1.02%	—	延长57%	[25]
			缩短56.8%	—	—	延长21%	[8]
		恒定SOC间隔模式	相比(80 min) 减少了15 min	—	—	—	[15]
	脉冲充电策略	电流脉冲充电	相比3 h，缩减到0.85 h	—	—	—	[27]
	脉冲充电策略	电压脉冲充电	提高14%	提高3.4%	—	—	[10]
	交流充电策略	交流充电	提高2%	提高45.8%	提高16.1%	—	[13]
基于电池模型的控制方法	等效电路模型		提高0.42%	—	—	—	[17]
			相比传统6～6.5 min，耗时5.5 min	—	—	寿命老化加剧15%	[21]
			减少8.56%	—	减少67.3%	—	[18]
	电化学模型		减少50%	—	—	—	[31]
			52 min完成96.8%	—	—	—	[19]
			相比2 C充电0～60% 缩减43%	—	—	减低23%	[32]
基于预加热提高充电倍率的方法			4 C	—	升至60 ℃	—	[33]
基于预加热提高充电倍率的方法			6 C	—	升至60 ℃	—	[34]

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