钠离子电池储能技术及经济性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能技术是构建能源互联网的关键支撑技术，是保障电网稳定运行、优化能量传输、消纳清洁能源、改善电能质量等的重要手段。电化学储能具备地理位置限制小、建设周期短等优势，是主流储能方式之一。目前，在电化学储能中发展最为成熟的是锂离子电池技术，但随着电动汽车普及和大规模储能应用，锂离子电池或将面临锂资源紧缺的问题。钠离子电池由于资源丰富、成本低廉、能量转换效率高、循环寿命长、维护费用低等优势，已成为目前储能技术的研究热点。本文对钠离子电池储能技术的可行性和经济性进行了分析，与当前主流储能技术进行了对比，从度电成本这一经济性角度分析了钠离子电池在大规模储能领域的优势，简要介绍了钠离子电池的应用场景及1 MW·h钠离子电池储能示范案例，并在此基础上给出了钠离子电池应用于储能电站的一些思考和建议。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 储能系统, 技术可行性, 经济性分析, 度电成本

Abstract:

Energy-storage technology is a critical technology for the construction of energy Internet, which is important for ensuring stable operation of power grids, optimizing energy transmission, absorbing clean energy, and improving power quality. Electrochemical energy-storage technology, which enjoys the advantages of small geographic-location restrictions and short construction period, is one of the mainstream energy-storage technologies. Currently, the most mature electrochemical energy-storage technology is lithium-ion battery. However, the shortage in lithium resources can alone limit the popularization of electric vehicles and large-scale energy-storage applications. Sodium-ion batteries have become the current research focus in energy-storage technology owing to rich sodium resources, low cost, high-energy conversion efficiency, long cycle life, low maintenance costs, and other advantages. This study analyzes the technical feasibility and technical economy of Na-ion battery energy-storage technology and compares it with the current mainstream energy-storage technologies. The advantages of Na-ion battery in the field of large-scale energy storage are analyzed in terms of the cost per kiloWatt-hour. A demonstration of a 1 MW·h Na-ion battery energy-storage system is also briefly introduced. Meanwhile, some views and suggestions on the application of Na-ion battery in energy-storage power stations are provided.

Key words: Na-ion battery, energy-storage system, technical feasibility, economic analysis, cost per kiloWatt-hour

中图分类号:

TM 911

张平, 康利斌, 王明菊, 赵广, 罗振华, 唐堃, 陆雅翔, 胡勇胜. 钠离子电池储能技术及经济性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1892-1901.

ZHANG Ping, KANG Libin, WANG Mingju, ZHAO Guang, LUO Zhenhua, TANG Kun, LU Yaxiang, HU Yongsheng. Technology feasibility and economic analysis of Na-ion battery energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1892-1901.

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参数	铅蓄电池	磷酸铁锂	三元锂电池	钠离子电池	数据来源
标称储能容量E_n/kWh	1000	10000	10000	10000	设定值
初始容量投资成本C_E/(元/kWh)	500～800	1000～1300	1200～1600	700～900	[15]
初始功率投资成本C_P/(元/kW)	300～500	320～420	400～500	400～500	[15]
单位容量维护成本O&M/%	4.60	3.70	5.00	3.70	[16]
循环次数/次	3700～4200	4000～6000	2500～3000	4000～5000	[17]
折现率r/%	8	8	8	8	[18]
储能循环效率η_cyc/%	75～80	86～90	88～90	84～90	—
放电深度θ_DOD/%	70	90	100	100	—
年循环平均衰退率θ_deg/(%/a)	3.60	1.50	3.60	1.50	[19]
年运行次数n(t)/次	365	365	365	365	设定值
充电电价P_C/(元/kWh)	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261	[20]

项目	铅蓄电池	磷酸铁锂	三元锂电池	钠离子电池
计及电力损耗时的度电成本/元	0.950～1.234	0.739～0.873	1.070～1.290	0.512～0.590
不计电力损耗时的度电成本(弃风弃光消纳)/元	0.850～1.130	0.700～0.834	1.404～1.260	0.465～0.543
不计电力损耗且折现率为0时的度电成本/元	0.629～0.806	0.469～0.543	0.820～0.980	0.320～0.366

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