基于三维导电膜的锌镍电池及其在智能门锁上的应用

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0412

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锌镍电池是非常有发展前景的绿色储能技术，然而，由于锌负极形变、枝晶生长、钝化、严重的副反应等问题，影响了锌镍电池的大规模应用。本工作采用氧化还原石墨烯(rGO)、科琴黑(KB)和碳导电膜(CCF)，通过喷涂技术制备了具有三维导电网络的CCF@KB-rGO膜，采用该三维导电膜的AA型锌镍电池展现出良好的电化学性能。超支化KB和层状rGO形成三维的导电网络，提高了电子和离子的传导能力，使锌镍电池具有良好的快速充电和低温放电性能，充电80%仅需要43分钟，-20 ℃条件下0.5 C可以放出60%以上额定容量；层状rGO有助于锌负极的均匀沉积，提高了电池的循环稳定性，经过300次循环，锌负极没有发现明显的枝晶；CCF@KB-rGO中高比表面积的KB和rGO可以吸附部分游离的电解液，抑制了锌负极溶解，同时降低了电池的自放电。采用CCF@KB-rGO的AA锌镍电池电化学性能突出，安全性好，各方面的表现均优于一次性干电池，更好地满足了智能门锁对电池性能不断提高的要求。本工作基于三维导电膜的设计有效提高了锌镍电池性能，为锌镍电池的研究提供了新的思路。

关键词: 锌镍电池, 智能门锁, 锌负极, 三维导电膜, 安全性

Abstract:

Zinc-nickel battery (ZNB) is regarded as a prospective green-energy storage technology. However, the large-scale application of ZNB is impeded by the deformation, dendrite growth, passivation, and serious side reactions of the zinc anode. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), Ketjenblack (KB), and carbon conductive film (CCF) are used to prepare the CCF@KB-rGO film with three-dimensional (3D) conductive network based on the spraying technology. The results show good electrochemical performance by AA ZNBs with CCF@KB-rGO. The hyperbranched KB and layered rGO form a 3D conductive network to enhance electron and ion conduction, thus improving the fast charge and low temperature-discharge performance of ZNB. Furthermore, an 80% capacity charge could be achieved within 43 min, and more than 60% rated capacity is output at 0.5 C at -20 ℃. The layered rGO enables zinc to be deposited uniformly and improves the cycle stability of the zinc anode; no obvious dendrites are found in the zinc anode after 300 cycles. The KB and rGO with high specific-surface area in CCF@KB-rGO can adsorb part of the free electrolytes, thus inhibiting the dissolution of the zinc anode and reducing the self-discharge of the battery. The outstanding electrochemical performance and safety of the AA ZNB with CCF@KB-rGO is far better than that of a disposable dry battery in the application of intelligent locks. Thus, the ever-growing requirements of smart lock are met for battery performance. The design based on the proposed 3D conductive film improves the performance of ZNB effectively, thus providing a new idea for the research of ZNBs.

Key words: zinc-nickel battery, intelligent lock, zinc anode, 3D conductive film, safety

中图分类号:

TM 911

徐松, 王明煜, 李亮生, 赵梁栋, 孙子惠, 张聪慧, 王子涵. 基于三维导电膜的锌镍电池及其在智能门锁上的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3330-3339.

Song XU, Mingyu WANG, Liangsheng LI, Liangdong ZHAO, Zihui SUN, Conghui ZHANG, Zihan WANG. Zinc-nickel battery based on a 3D conductive film and its application in intelligent lock[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3330-3339.

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电池编号	初始容量/mAh	初始电压/V	常温28天后电压/V	常温28天后容量/mAh	恢复容量/mAh	电压保持率/%	荷电保持率/%	容量恢复率/%	备注
1	1421	1.855	1.780	1302	1410	96.0%	91.7%	99.2%	CCF
2	1424	1.855	1.776	1291	1433	95.7%	90.7%	100.6%	CCF
3	1448	1.857	1.780	1326	1435	95.9%	91.6%	99.1%	CCF
1	1423	1.844	1.784	1317	1421	96.7%	92.6%	99.9%	CCF@KB-rGO
2	1432	1.845	1.783	1324	1429	96.6%	92.5%	99.8%	CCF@KB-rGO
3	1423	1.845	1.784	1314	1425	96.7%	92.4%	100.1%	CCF@KB-rGO

电池编号	初始容量/mAh	初始电压/V	60 ℃ 28天后电压/V	60 ℃ 28天后容量/mAh	恢复容量/mAh	电压保持率/%	荷电保持率/%	容量恢复率/%	备注
1	1431	1.857	1.683	977	1331	90.6%	68.3%	93.0%	CCF
2	1434	1.857	1.676	956	1339	90.3%	66.6%	93.4%	CCF
3	1432	1.857	1.686	964	1352	90.8%	67.3%	94.4%	CCF
1	1437	1.846	1.698	1025	1379	92.0%	71.3%	96.0%	CCF@KB-rGO
2	1424	1.845	1.697	1029	1375	92.0%	72.3%	96.5%	CCF@KB-rGO
3	1447	1.845	1.693	1028	1406	91.8%	71.0%	97.2%	CCF@KB-rGO

参数	密码开锁亮屏	密码开锁电机开机/关锁	指纹开锁电机开机/关锁	锁扣开锁电流
电流/mA	100	230	150	160
时间/s	12.8	0.3	0.3	0.3
总持续时间/s	16
碱性电池开锁次数/次	22355
锌镍电池开锁次数/次	25002

参数	猫眼开启	密码开锁亮屏	密码开锁电机开机/关锁	指纹开锁电机开机/关锁
电流/mA	250	110	780	780
时间/s	13	13	0.3	0.3
总持续时间/s	22
碱性电池开锁次数/次	2070
锌镍电池开锁次数/次	4250

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