新型储能技术在弹性电网中的应用与展望

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0586

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

3060双碳目标将推进我国能源转型进程，新能源高渗透率为电网带来的不确定性与复杂性使其对日常运行时备用调节电源需求和应对极端自然灾害与人为攻击时的弹性需求增高，因而促使新型储能技术在电网快速规模化应用。本文讨论了在极端事件下，储能在弹性电网中的应用。首先，从新型储能装置的发展动态和对弹性需求的支撑出发，结合弹性电网概念内涵、衡量要素和极端事件特性，探讨了储能在弹性电网中的需求必要性和应用目标，提出了储能在极端事件下弹性承受和恢复两个阶段中的作用过程、作用机制和调节目标。其次，分析了广域布局储能的聚合容量与弹性电网承载能力之间的关系，研究了储能对灾后网架重构的影响，以及弹性指标评价框架等，提出了储能在弹性应用中的规划、调控、量化指标和市场机制制定等关键技术研究点。针对极端事件的应用需求、储能的运行性能与经济特性，提出了未来新型储能系统的适用典型场景。最后，对我国储能在弹性电网中的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 新型储能, 弹性电网, 极端事件, 弹性指标, 电力市场

Abstract:

The '3060 double carbon' goal promotes energy transformation in China. The uncertainty and complexity of the power system associated with the high penetration of renewable energy would increase the demands for regulated power supplies and resilience response capability to accommodate extreme natural disasters and man-made attacks, which facilitates the large-scale application of new energy storage technology in the resilient power system. This paper discusses, in detail, the application of energy storage in resilient power systems under extreme events. Firstly, based on the development trend of energy storage, this study combines the concept connotation, the measurement elements of resilient power systems, and the characteristics of extreme events to explore the necessity of the demand and the application target of energy storage in resilient power systems. The function process, mechanism, and regulation target of energy storage are proposed for the two stages of resilient bearing and recovery under extreme events. Secondly, the application characteristics and mechanism are analyzed for energy storage in the bearing and recovery stages of the resilient power system. Thirdly, this work analyzes the relationship between the aggregate capacities of the decentralized energy storage and the bearing capacities of the resilient power system, and the impact of energy storage on post-disaster network reconfigurations is also assessed. Improvements in the resilient index evaluation framework and the electricity market mechanism formulation under the increasing energy storage capacity are examined in this work. Key technical points are proposed, such as planning, regulation, and quantitative indicators for the resilient application of energy storage. Then, this study proposes the typical scenarios considering the application requirements for extreme events, energy storage performance, and economy. Finally, the perspective of the application of energy storage for resilient power systems in China is discussed.

Key words: new-type energy storage, resilient power grid, extreme events, resilient index, electricity market

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

杨水丽, 来小康, 丁涛, 王则凯, 陈继忠, 诸嘉慧, 李婷婷. 新型储能技术在弹性电网中的应用与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(2): 515-528.

Shuili YANG, Xiaokang LAI, Tao DING, Zekai WANG, Jizhong CHEN, Jiahui ZHU, Tingting LI. Application and prospect of new energy storage technologies in resilient power systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(2): 515-528.

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应用领域	应用场景	应用目标	适用储能技术^[26]
电源侧	新能源资源富集地区、新能源高渗透率地区、常规发电厂、退役火电厂址等	促进友好型新能源站建设，支撑高比例可再生能源基地外送，提升常规电源调节能力	电化学储能、机械储能、热储能、氢储能等
电网侧	大规模新能源汇集、调峰调频困难和支撑能力不足的关键电网节点、供电能力不足的偏远地区、输电走廊资源和变电站站址资源紧张地区	提高电网安全稳定运行水平，增强电网薄弱区域供电保障能力、延缓和替代输变电设施投资	电化学、机械储能和电磁储能等
用户侧	工业园区、公路服务区等终端用户，农村用户，对供电可靠性、电能质量要求高的电力用户等	支撑分布式供能系统建设，提供定制化用能服务，提升用户灵活调节能力	电化学储能、电磁储能及相变储能等

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[2]	刘国静, 李冰洁, 胡晓燕, 岳芬, 徐际强. 澳大利亚储能相关政策与电力市场机制及对我国的启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2332-2343.
[3]	时智勇, 王彩霞, 胡静. 独立新型储能电站价格形成机制及成本疏导优化方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 4067-4076.
[4]	朱寰, 徐健翔, 刘国静, 岳芬, 俞振华, 张兴. 英国储能相关政策机制与商业模式及对我国的启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 370-378.
[5]	刘英军, 刘亚奇, 张华良, 徐玉杰, 陈海生. 我国储能政策分析与建议[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(4): 1463-1473.
[6]	张鸿宇, 王宇. 国外电网侧储能电站参与调频辅助服务市场的机制经验及对我国的启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 766-773.
[7]	宋安琪, 武利会, 刘成, 岳芬, 李恒真, 邱太洪, 徐际强. 分布式储能发展的国际政策与市场规则分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 306-316.
[8]	林立乾, 米增强, 贾雨龙, 范辉, 杜鹏. 面向电力市场的分布式储能聚合参与电网调峰[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(2): 276-283.