基于斜坡和山体的重力储能技术研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0667

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大力发展可再生能源并实现清洁能源变革，是实现碳达峰碳中和的重要途径，电网对各种储能技术的需求日益增长，而规模化储能技术是有效解决可再生能源并网问题的重要技术途径。抽水储能是标杆性的物理储能技术，技术成熟、应用广泛且装机容量最大，是规模化物理（重力）储能技术的典范；重力储能是最近引发广泛关注的新型物理储能技术，按照应用场景的不同分为多种技术类型。本文首先介绍了依托山体、倾斜矿井的斜坡重力储能的原理和结构，并根据应用场景和技术特点进行了分类阐述，包括依托山体斜坡的抽水储能、轨道式重力储能和缆索式重力储能等技术类型；然后回顾了不同类别依托斜坡重力储能技术的研究进展和应用情况，并阐述了每种技术类型的优势和不足；据此提出一种更为优化的斜坡重力储能技术——斜坡缆-轨式重力储能技术，不仅融合了斜坡轨道式重力储能与斜坡悬架缆车式重力储能的优点，且避免了两者的缺点；最后概述了当前斜坡重力储能技术存在的关键问题，并就其发展与推广应用进行了展望。

关键词: 斜坡储能, 重力储能, 山地储能, 可再生能源, 电力系统

Abstract:

Vigorously developing renewable energy and achieving a clean energy transformation are crucial for achieving carbon peak and neutrality. The demand for various energy storage technologies in power grid is increasing, with large-scale energy storage being a key technical approach for effectively addressing the challenges associated with connecting renewable energy to the grid. Pumped energy storage is a well-established, widely used, and high-capacity physical storage technology that serves as a benchmark in the field. Gravity energy storage has recently emerged as a widely recognized physical energy storage technology. It encompasses various types of technologies tailored to different application scenarios. This study aims to introduce slope gravity energy storage principles and structures, specifically focusing on installations based on mountain slopes and inclined mines. It meticulously classifies and elaborates on application scenarios and technical characteristics, encompassing technology types such as pumped energy storage based on mountain slopes, track-type gravity energy storage, and cable-type gravity energy storage. Subsequently, this study delves into a comprehensive review of the research progress and application of slope gravity energy storage across different categories. It provides an in-depth exploration of advantages and disadvantages associated with each technology type. Based on this analysis, we propose an enhanced slope gravity energy storage technology: slope cable rail gravity energy storage. This approach combines the strengths of slope track and slope suspension cable car gravity energy storage while addressing their drawbacks. Subsequently, this study summarizes current issues and outlines future slope gravity energy storage technology prospects.

Key words: slope energy storage, gravity energy storage, mountain energy storage, renewable energy, power system

中图分类号:

TK 02

张京业, 林玉鑫, 邱清泉, 肖立业. 基于斜坡和山体的重力储能技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 924-933.

Jingye ZHANG, Yuxin LIN, Qingquan QIU, Liye XIAO. Gravity energy storage technology based on slopes and mountains[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 924-933.

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技术模式		优势	劣势	转换效率	选址要求
抽水蓄能		技术成熟、容量大、应用广泛	选址要求高，可利用资源不足	70%～86%	上下库落差200米以上，有稳定水源^[14]

斜坡轨道技术	单体动力驱动	单体载重量大、功率和容量大、运行灵活	重物载体造价高、山体坡度小，重物堆场占地大，功率间歇	78%	坡度在17°以内的山体、矿井巷道等斜坡^[7,27]
斜坡轨道技术	卷扬机驱动	单体载重量大、功率和容量大，重物成本较低，安全性高	功率间断、不连续，占地面积大	70%～90%	矿井巷道、山体斜坡，坡度6°~25°^[7,15]

斜坡缆车式		可扩展性强，重物成本较低，循环运行，功率连续不间断	架空缆索弧垂大，单体载重小，功率低，容量小	70%～85%	山体斜坡，对坡度没有限制^[7,33-34]

序号	项目	参数
1	垂直高度	500 m
2	斜坡角度	30°
3	总功率	5 MW
4	储能量	20 MWh（2万度电）
5	沙子总重量	1.72万吨
6	循环缆索、轨道长度	2 km
7	沙坑占地（上下两套）	2670 m²
8	单台运输车重量	2.0吨
9	运输车数量	200辆
10	缆索线速度	5 m/s
11	充/放电时间	各4 h
12	电-电效率	73.6%

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