计及电动汽车储能的电力系统调度及其灵活性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新能源在电网中的比例不断提高以及电动汽车渗透率不断提高，风光波动性和电动汽车充电负荷的不确定性，给电力系统灵活性运行带来了挑战。考虑到在满足用户出行需求的前提下，电动汽车在一天中的大部分时间都处于停车状态，且随着车网互动技术的发展，电动汽车具有一定的储能特性。对此，提出考虑电动汽车用户参与意愿不确定性的充放电策略，研究其对电力系统调度的影响并分析其灵活性。首先，针对现有电动汽车充放电调度未考虑用户参与意愿的问题，提出了基于Logistic函数的乐观、悲观参与意愿的电动汽车有序充放电策略，来反映用户参与有序充放电调度意愿的不确定性；然后，对比分析了电动汽车在不同充放电方式下对电力系统多时间尺度调度的影响，其中日内调度在日前调度的基础上进行，以电力系统调度的综合成本最小为目标函数；最后，仿真结果表明，在计及电动汽车储能特性的情况下，本工作所提考虑用户参与意愿的电动汽车充放电策略不仅能有效削峰填谷，而且能以更少的成本促进电力系统灵活性运行。

关键词: 电动汽车, 车网互动, 参与意愿, 灵活性

Abstract:

As the proportion of new forms of energy in the power grid and the usage of electric vehicles increase, the energy fluctuations and the uncertain charging loads die to electric vehicles have brought challenges to the flexible operation of power system. To meet users' travel needs, electric vehicles are parked most of the day, and with the development of vehicle-network interaction technology, electric vehicles have certain energy storage characteristics. In this paper, a charging-and-discharging strategy for power-system scheduling is proposed that takes into account the uncertainty of electric vehicle users' willingness to participate, and the flexibility of this strategy is analyzed. First, in order to solve the problem that the scheduling of charging-and-discharging existing electric vehicles does not consider a user's willingness to participate, an optimistic and a pessimistic strategy for the orderly charging-and-discharging of electric vehicles is proposed based on the logistic function, which reflects the uncertainty of a user's willingness to participate in orderly scheduling of charging-and-discharging. The influence of different charging-and-discharging modes for electric vehicles on the multi-timescale dispatching of the power system is then compared and analyzed, with intra-day dispatching carried out on the basis of the previous day, with the minimum comprehensive cost of power system dispatching as the objective function. Finally, the simulation results show that considering the energy-storage characteristics of electric vehicles, the charging-and-discharging strategy for electric vehicles proposed in this paper, which takes into account users' willingness to participate, not only cuts off peaks and fills valleys effectively but also promotes the flexible operation of the power system at less cost.

Key words: electric vehicles, vehicle-to-grid, willingness to participate, flexibility

中图分类号:

TM 73

熊浩, 顾丹珍, 程长胜, 石文豪. 计及电动汽车储能的电力系统调度及其灵活性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(6): 2416-2430.

Hao XIONG, Danzhen GU, Changsheng CHENG, Wenhao SHI. Power-system scheduling that takes into account electric-vehicle energy storage and its flexibility analysis[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(6): 2416-2430.

图/表 38

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表2

EV上下班时间分布"

时段	参数
上班离网时间 $t l 1$	$N (7,0 . 52)$
上班入网时间 $t r 1$	$N (8,0 . 52)$
下班离网时间 $t l 2$	$N (16.5,0 . 52)$
下班入网时间 $t r 2$	$N (17.5,0 . 52)$

表2

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时段	电价/(元/kWh)
22：00—3：00，9：00—16：00	0.305
3：00—9：00，21：00—22：00	0.615
16：00—21：00	1.025

调度方式	充电费用/元
无序充电	1246
有序充电	589
V2G	315

充放电方式	火电/元	抽蓄/元	储能/元	风电/元	光电/元	惩罚/元	合计/元
无序充电	11308	549	1383	861	817	5725	20643
有序充电	11724	663	1585	866	811	2551	18200
V2G	12009	494	1778	866	807	1918	17872

充放电方式	火电/元	抽蓄/元	储能/元	风电/元	光电/元	惩罚/元	合计/元
无序充电	12130	1163	1947	866	812	2223	19143
有序充电	12025	813	1747	868	817	718	16988
V2G	12085	700	1695	868	817	185	16350

充放电方式	火电/元	抽蓄/元	储能/元	风电/元	光电/元	惩罚/元	合计/元
无序充电	11308	549	1383	861	817	5725	20645
有序充电	11724	663	1585	866	811	2551	18204
V2G	12009	494	1778	866	807	1918	17876