储能科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (2): 766-773.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0370

• 储能技术经济性分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

国外电网侧储能电站参与调频辅助服务市场的机制经验及对我国的启示

张鸿宇(), 王宇()   

  1. 清华大学能源环境经济研究所，北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-16 修回日期:2021-01-21 出版日期:2021-03-05 发布日期:2021-03-05
  • 作者简介:张鸿宇（1994—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为能源系统分析，E-mail：zhang-hy18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn|王宇，博士，副研究员，研究方向为能源系统分析，E-mail：y-wang@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家电网公司总部科技项目（面向电网的储能应用市场机制及价值评估关键技术研究）

Mechanism experience of foreign grid-side storage participating in frequency regulation auxiliary service market and its enlightenment to China

Hongyu ZHANG(), Yu WANG()   

  1. Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2020-11-16 Revised:2021-01-21 Online:2021-03-05 Published:2021-03-05

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摘要：

储能是高比例可再生能源电力系统稳定安全运行的重要支撑技术之一，中国调频辅助服务市场规则设计应考虑储能参与。本文概述了电网侧储能技术的调频现状，并介绍了储能为电网提供调频辅助服务具备响应时间快、调度性能好的优势，并以美国、澳大利亚和英国的调频辅助服务市场为案例，介绍了储能调频的现状，分析了国外典型调频辅助服务市场设定的适用于电网侧储能电站的规则，包括电网侧储能电站作为市场主体参与调频辅助服务市场的市场准入门槛、参与方式和价格机制；比较了不同电力市场对于电网侧储能参与调频辅助服务市场的设计的差异及其对储能参与调频辅助服务市场的影响。调研了我国电力市场建设现状，通过对比分析了我国储能参与调频辅助服务市场存在大多数地区储能的市场主体地位不明确，大部分允许储能参与的市场容量准入限制为世界典型国家限制的2倍或以上，部分地区调频收益下限过低难以反映储能调频的容量价值等不足。参考国外经验，在合适的机制设计下，我国储能调频容量需求可超过6 GW，调频辅助服务市场设计应明确赋予储能市场主体地位，随市场建设和技术发展适时降低准入门槛使分布式小容量储能参与提供调频服务，价格机制设计两部制价值以反映储能调频的容量价值并保障储能调频最低收益。

关键词: 储能, 电力市场, 市场机制

Abstract:

Energy storage is one of the important technologies to support the stable operation of power system with high renewable proportion. The participation of energy storage technology should be considered in the mechanism design of frequency regulation market in China. This paper first summarizes the status of grid-side energy storage technology in frequency regulation. The grid-side energy storage has advantages on response time and output adjustment to provide frequency regulation service for power grid. The development status of storage that provide frequency regulation service, the foreign market mechanisms for grid-side storage participating in the market, including the market access threshold, competing method and price mechanism, are analyzed from the frequency regulation auxiliary service markets of the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. The differences of the designs and their influences on energy storage participating the market are analyzed. Finally, based on our current situation, there are still some deficiencies and challenges in the design of energy storage participating in the China's frequency regulation market, including that most region do not definitely take storage as market member, the capacity access threshold of storage in most of the China's frequency regulation markets are twice or more than that in typical frequency regulation markets worldwide, and the lower limit of frequency regulation benefit is too low in certain regions to reflect the capacity value of storage. Based on the experience of foreign markets, frequency regulation could bring more than 6 GW needs for storage with suitable market mechanism design and thus storage should be the market member of frequency regulation market. The access threshold should be timely reduced in the design of China's frequency regulation auxiliary service market along with the development of market and technology to allow the participant of small distributed storage. The price mechanism should consider the two-part payment to reflect the capacity value of storage in frequency regulation and guarantee the minimum payment for storage.

Key words: energy storage, power market, market mechanism

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