钠离子电池预钠化技术研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0332

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钠离子电池是下一代低成本和高性能规模储能电池技术之一，预钠化技术可有效补充其在循环过程中的不可逆钠损耗，因此在钠离子电池的实际应用中具有重要地位。本工作综述了目前已有的预钠化方法，包括物理预钠化、电化学预钠化、化学反应预钠化、正极添加剂以及富钠正极。考虑各种预钠化技术安全性、可操作性、高效性和整体成本等诸多因素，分析了各种预钠化技术的优势与不足，指出了目前预钠化技术存在的问题，最后展望了预钠化技术在未来钠离子电池中的商业前景和发展方向。物理预钠化操作简单方便，但安全性是其主要问题；电化学预钠化能获得稳定的SEI膜，但受限于繁琐的工艺步骤；化学反应预钠化也能形成均匀致密的SEI膜，但对气氛有一定的要求，且溶剂昂贵；正极添加剂操作简单方便，但对其产生的残留物和气体的研究甚少；富钠正极稳定性好，但受限于种类太少。未来的预钠化研究需要综合考虑成本、环保、安全和稳定性等因素，并对副反应和副产物的影响机理进行深入地研究。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 预钠化, 正极, 负极, 预钠化机理

Abstract:

Sodium-ion batteries are one of the next-generation low-cost and high-performance battery technologies in large-scale energy storage, and pre-sodiation technology can efficiently replace irreversible sodium depletion during cycling, therefore it plays a crucial role in the practical application of sodium-ion batteries. This research reviews the current pre-sodiation approaches, including physical pre-sodiation, electrochemical pre-sodiation, chemical reaction pre-sodiation, cathode additives, and over-sodiated cathodes. The benefits and drawbacks of different pre-sodiation technologies are examined, and the issues existing in the present pre-sodiation technologies are indicated considering the safety, operability, high efficiency, and total cost. Finally, we offer an outlook on the commercial prospects and development directions of pre-sodiation technologies in the future sodium-ion batteries. With its safety being its primary issue, physical pre-sodiation is facile and convenient; electrochemical pre-sodiation can obtain stable SEI film, but it is restricted by tedious process steps; although atmosphere has specific requirements, and the solvent is expensive, chemical reaction pre-sodiation can also generate a uniform and dense SEI film; although the cathode additives are easy to operate, there are few studies on the residue and gas production; and although the over-sodiated cathode has excellent electrochemical stability, it is restricted by too few types. Future pre-sodiation research needs to comprehensively consider factors including cost, environmental protection, safety and stability, and the effect mechanism of side reactions and by-products need to be investigated in depth.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, pre-sodiation, anode, cathode, pre-sodiation mechanisms

中图分类号:

TM 912

陈杰, 陈伟伦, 张旭, 周晏玮, 张五星. 钠离子电池预钠化技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3487-3496.

Jie CHEN, Weilun CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yanwei ZHOU, Wuxing ZHANG. Research progress of pre-sodiation technologies in sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3487-3496.

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