储能锂离子电池模组暂态过电压防护设计与电路研发

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0225

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电力系统中各类暂态过电压引起的高幅值电压波动会影响电化学储能电站在电网中的安全稳定运行，已有电化学储能火灾事故调查报告指出了目前针对储能锂离子电池模组暂态过电压防护能力不足的问题。本工作通过分析浪涌过电压防护器件的性能，提出针对储能锂离子电池模组的暂态过电压防护电路设计，并开展器件选型、配合设计和试验测试，研发出一种具备多级降压-级联稳压自开断功能的电池模组过电压防护电路。结果表明，针对12 V锂离子电池模组，共模和差模输入下峰值为500 V/1 kV/2 kV/4 kV、波形为1.2/50 μs的冲击过电压下，所设计防护电路通过逐级限制电压和能量泄放，将输入电池模组的电压幅值抑制在15.2~26.4 V。稳态直流超限电压测试表明，当电压低于26.5 V时，实现模组电压稳压至12 V；超过26.5 V时切出功能动作隔离锂离子电池模组，研究有助于实现锂离子电池模组的暂态过电压抑制和稳态直流超限电压开断及稳压功能。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 暂态过电压, 共模, 差模, 防护电路

Abstract:

Transient overvoltages in power systems can cause voltage fluctuations and affect the safe and stable operation of electrochemical energy storage stations during grid integration. Research on fire incidents involving electrochemical energy storage systems has revealed inadequate transient overvoltage protection capabilities for lithium-ion battery modules. This study proposes a transient overvoltage protection circuit design for energy storage lithium-ion battery modules by examining the performance of passive overvoltage surge protection devices. Furthermore, this study involves device selection, coordination design, and experimental testing to develop a multi-level step-down and cascaded voltage regulation self-breaking function for a battery module overvoltage protection circuit. Results indicate that for a 12 V lithium-ion battery module, the designed protection circuit gradually limits the voltage and dissipates energy under common- and differential-mode inputs with peak values of 500 V, 1 kV, 2 kV, and 4 kV and a waveform of 1.2/50 μs impulse overvoltage. The circuit suppressed the voltage amplitude at the input battery module ports up to 15.2—26.4 V. Steady-state DC overvoltage testing showed that the module voltage stabilized to 12 V when the port voltage was below 26.5 V. When the port voltage exceeded 26.5 V, the cut-off function isolated the lithium-ion battery module. This study contributes to the realization of effective transient overvoltage suppression and steady-state DC overvoltage breaking and stabilization functions for lithium-ion battery modules.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, transient overvoltage, common mode, differential mode, protection circuit

中图分类号:

TM 86

沈思远, 刘亚坤, 罗栋煌, 李雨珺, 郝伟. 储能锂离子电池模组暂态过电压防护设计与电路研发[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(9): 3277-3286.

Siyuan SHEN, Yakun LIU, Donghuang LUO, Yujun LI, Wei HAO. Transient overvoltage protection design and circuit development for energy storage lithium-ion battery modules[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3277-3286.

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项目	气体放电管	压敏电阻	瞬态抑制二极管
浪涌通流能力(以8/20 μs为例)	高(1~100 kA)	高(0.1~70 kA)	中(0.1~15 kA)
响应速度	慢(约100 ns)	快(约25 ns)	极快(1 ps)
寄生电容	小(约1 pF)	大(约1 nF)	中(约0.1 nF)
钳位电压	高	中	低
泄漏电流	无	低	低
续流问题	有	无	无

序号	输入/V	输出/V	序号	输入/V	输出/V	序号	输入/V	输出/V
1	12.5	11.97	13	18.5	12.00	25	24.5	12.00
2	13.0	11.97	14	19.0	12.00	26	25.0	12.00
3	13.5	11.97	15	19.5	12.00	27	25.5	12.00
4	14.0	11.97	16	20.0	12.00	28	26.0	12.00
5	14.5	11.97	17	20.5	12.00	29	26.5	0
6	15.0	11.97	18	21.0	12.00	30	27.0	0
7	15.5	11.97	19	21.5	12.00	31	27.5	0
8	16.0	11.99	20	22.0	12.00	32	28.0	0
9	16.5	11.99	21	22.5	12.00	33	28.5	0
10	17.0	11.99	22	23.0	12.00	34	29.0	0
11	17.5	11.99	23	23.5	12.00	35	29.5	0
12	18.0	12.00	24	24.0	12.00	36	30.0	0

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