质子交换膜燃料电池阴极催化层微观结构表征研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0805

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cells, PEMFCs)具有无污染、高效率等特点，是理想的零碳排放发电装置，其成本、性能及耐用性与阴极催化层(cathode catalyst layer, CCL)的组成和结构密切相关。CCL主要由Pt/C催化剂、离聚物和孔隙区域组成，其中碳载体传导电子，离聚物传导质子，孔隙传输反应气体，这种复杂构成对精准表征其微观结构进而揭示构效关系带来了极大挑战。本文总结了CCL微观结构表征的研究进展，从催化层形貌、孔隙结构、离聚物及Pt纳米粒子分布这四个方面的表征，详细阐释了针对CCL内不同构成部分的各类表征手段，指出单一的表征方法无法揭示CCL内部的复杂精细结构，需要联用多种表征手法从不同尺度和不同维度进行观测。发展对CCL微观结构表征的方法有助于全面阐释燃料电池运行过程中催化剂、反应气体和离聚物之间的相互作用机理，有助于提供真实结构参数以精准构建CCL计算模型，掌握催化层内质量传递、热量传递、质子及电子传导等信息，为燃料电池的性能提升和技术瓶颈突破提供科学支撑。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 阴极催化层, 微观结构, 表征技术

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a type of highly efficient ideal zero carbon emission power generation devices. The performance, cost, and durability of PEMFCs are tightly linked to the cathode catalyst layer (CCL). The CCL primarily comprises of Pt/C, ionomer, and porous regions, where the carbon support conducts electrons, the ionomer conducts protons, and the pores transport oxygen. This complexity introduces challenges in precisely characterizing the microstructure of CCL. This study provides an overview of the advancements in the microstructure characterization of CCL. It delves into distinct characterization techniques for the different components within CCL, along with highlighting the importance of combining multiple approaches to ensure a comprehensive understanding of CCL's intricate structure across various scales. Advancements in characterizing the microstructure of CCL offer deeper insights into interactions among catalysts, reactant gases, and ionomers during PEMFCs operation. The dissection of CCL microstructure also provides insight into the mass and heat transfer, as well as proton and electron conduction within CCL. Such efforts can provide valuable data for refined computer modeling, thus supporting the enhancement of PEMFC performance and addressing technological challenges.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, cathode catalyst layer, microstructure, characterization technique

中图分类号:

TM 911

李薛茹, 马哲杰, 李平. 质子交换膜燃料电池阴极催化层微观结构表征研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(2): 812-821.

Xueru LI, Zhejie MA, Ping LI. Research progress on microstructure characterization of cathode catalyst layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(2): 812-821.

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