锂离子电池储能系统火灾抑制仿真研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0446

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (11): 3898-3905.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0446

锂离子电池储能系统火灾抑制仿真研究

于东兴¹^,²^,³(), 李煌⁴(), 霍明帅¹, 李志昕¹, 李强⁵

^1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300382
^2.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室
^3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381
^4.中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽合肥 230026
^5.安徽科盾新能安防科技有限公司，安徽合肥 231602

收稿日期:2024-05-21 修回日期:2024-06-15 出版日期:2024-11-28 发布日期:2024-11-27
通讯作者: 李煌 E-mail:yudongxing@tfri.com.cn;li1125@ustc.edu.cn
作者简介:于东兴（1987—），男，硕士，副研究员，研究方向为储能系统火灾防控产品测试评价技术，E-mail：yudongxing@tfri.com.cn；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2402003);国家消防救援局科技计划(2023XFZD01)

Simulation study on fire suppression in lithium-ion battery energy storage systems

Dongxing YU¹^,²^,³(), Huang LI⁴(), Mingshuai HUO¹, Zhixin LI¹, Qiang LI⁵

^1.Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300382, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management
^3.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
^5.Anhui Kedun Xinneng Security Technology Co. , Ltd. , Hefei 231602, Anhui, China

Received:2024-05-21 Revised:2024-06-15 Online:2024-11-28 Published:2024-11-27
Contact: Huang LI E-mail:yudongxing@tfri.com.cn;li1125@ustc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于锂离子储能系统火灾燃爆危险性大且实验成本高，因此基于模型对储能系统火灾特性及灭火性能模拟仿真研究具有重要意义。本文通过火灾动力学模拟(fire dynamics simulator, FDS)软件建立了20尺(1尺=0.333 m)储能集装箱的全尺寸仿真分析模型，研究了电池系统的火蔓延过程以及CO₂、H₂和CO等特征气体的扩散规律。结果表明，电池箱着火后，在火源中心位置H₂和CO浓度可达到1000 ppm(1 ppm=10^-4%)以上，而在集装箱角落的浓度仅为24~183 ppm；水喷淋灭火系统降温效果明显，可以将火焰上部温度自791 ℃迅速降低至330 ℃以下；此外，水喷淋灭火系统会造成电池箱的不完全燃烧，导致局部区域可燃气体浓度上升。本文的结果旨在为锂离子电池储能系统的安全设计及火灾防控技术研究提供一种仿真分析方法。

关键词: 储能系统, 锂离子电池, 火蔓延, 火灾动力学模拟, 水喷淋

Abstract:

Due to the high risks and costs associated with fire and explosion tests, simulated investigations of fire characteristics and suppression performance in energy storage systems are crucial. This study establishes a full-scale simulation model for a 20-foot energy storage container using Fire Dynamics Simulator software. The research analyzes the fire propagation process within the battery system and examines the diffusion patterns of typical gases, including CO₂, H₂, and CO. Results indicate that the concentrations of H₂, and CO at the center of the fire source can exceed 1000 ppm(1 ppm=10^-4%), whereas concentrations at the container's corners range from 24 to 183 ppm. Additionally, the temperature and distribution of characteristic gases stabilize within 10 seconds, exhibiting a distinct stratification phenomenon. The water spray system demonstrates a significant cooling effect, rapidly reducing temperatures from 791 ℃ to below 330 ℃. However, the use of water spray can lead to incomplete combustion of the ignited battery box, resulting in an increased concentration of combustible gases in localized areas of the energy storage system. This study aims to provide a simulation-based approach for the safety design and fire prevention strategies of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems.

Key words: energy storage system, lithium-ion battery, fire propagation, fire dynamics simulator, water spray

中图分类号:

TM 911

于东兴, 李煌, 霍明帅, 李志昕, 李强. 锂离子电池储能系统火灾抑制仿真研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 3898-3905.

Dongxing YU, Huang LI, Mingshuai HUO, Zhixin LI, Qiang LI. Simulation study on fire suppression in lithium-ion battery energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 3898-3905.

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位置	X	Y	Z
着火电池箱	2.7~3.2 m	1.3~2.0 m	0.45~0.65 m
喷头1	3.0 m	1.2 m	2.5 m
喷头2	1.0 m	1.2 m	2.5 m
喷头3	5.0 m	1.2 m	2.5 m

探测点	X	Y	Z
L0	3.0 m	2.0 m	0.65 m
L1	3.0 m	0.6 m	2.4 m
L2	1.0 m	0.6 m	2.4 m
L3	5.0 m	0.6 m	2.4 m

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锂离子电池储能系统火灾抑制仿真研究

Simulation study on fire suppression in lithium-ion battery energy storage systems

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