锂电池蜂窝形叉状流道冷板散热研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1079

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了有效提升圆柱形锂电池的温度均匀性，本文经过深入探索和创新，提出了一种独特的蜂窝形叉状流道冷板。通过运用数值模拟方法构建了基于蜂窝形叉状流道冷板的圆柱形锂电池组冷却散热模型。在此模型基础上，分别探究了冷却液温度以及流道分支角度这两个关键因素对圆柱形锂电池组冷却效果的影响。同时，为了更好地评估其性能，将其与蜂窝形蛇形流道冷板和蛇形流道平面冷板进行对比。结果表明，蜂窝形叉状流道冷板可以应用于冷却液温度过高的工况，降低电池组的最大温差。流道分支角度对电池组的最高温度影响很小，有利于对电池组的设计。此外，与蜂窝形蛇形流道冷板和蛇形流道平面冷板的冷却散热性能相比，采用蜂窝形叉状流道冷板冷却能够大幅降低电池组的最高温度和最大温差，降低能量损耗。蜂窝形叉状流道冷板可以增强对圆柱形锂电池正负极发热区域的冷却，显著降低电池组最高温度及最大温差，为探索散热性能好、能耗更低的电池组热管理系统提供了一种解决方案。

关键词: 液冷, 26650型电池, 锂电池热管理, 叉状流道

Abstract:

To effectively enhance the temperature uniformity of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, this study proposes an innovative honeycomb-branching channel cold plate. A numerical simulation method was used to develop a cooling model for cylindrical lithium-ion battery packs, incorporating this unique cold plate design. The study focused on two critical factors affecting cooling performance: coolant temperature and channel branch angle. Performance comparisons were also made with two other designs, the honeycomb-serpentine channel cold plate and the planar serpentine channel cold plate, for a comprehensive evaluation. Results demonstrated that the honeycomb-branching channel cold plate effectively minimized the maximum temperature difference within the battery pack, especially under high coolant temperature conditions. The branch angle of the channels was found to weakly affect the peak temperature of the battery pack, offering flexibility in design options. Furthermore, compared to the honeycomb-serpentine and planar serpentine channel cold plates, the honeycomb-branching channel cold plate significantly lowered both the peak temperature and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack, all while reducing energy consumption. This design proved especially effective in cooling high heat generation regions within the battery electrodes, making it a promising solution for thermal management systems seeking improved cooling performance and energy performance.

Key words: liquid cooling, 26650 battery, lithium battery thermal management, bifurcation channel

中图分类号:

TM 911

李志强, 巴义春, 孙广强. 锂电池蜂窝形叉状流道冷板散热研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 1776-1783.

Zhiqiang LI, Yichun BA, Guangqiang SUN. Research on heat dissipation of cold plates with honeycomb and fork channels of lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1776-1783.

图/表 15

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

参考文献 19

1	闫涵超, 张西龙. 相变与空气复合的电池冷却系统散热性能研究[J]. 低温与超导, 2021, 49(12): 58-64. DOI: 10.16711/j.1001-7100.2021.12.011.
	YAN H C, ZHANG X L. Research on heat dissipation performance of battery cooling system combined with phase change material and air cooling[J]. Cryogenics & Superconductivity, 2021, 49(12): 58-64. DOI: 10.16711/j.1001-7100.2021.12.011.
2	HUANG Y, TANG Y, YUAN W, et al. Challenges and recent progress in thermal management with heat pipes for lithium-ion power batteries in electric vehicles[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2021, 64(5): 919-956. DOI: 10.1007/s11431-020-1714-1.
3	LIU B H, JIA Y K, YUAN C H, et al. Safety issues and mechanisms of lithium-ion battery cell upon mechanical abusive loading: A review[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 24: 85-112. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.06.036.
4	姜水生, 何志坚, 文华. 锂离子电池电-热耦合模型分析及其温度场仿真研究[J]. 热科学与技术, 2018, 17(3): 238-245. DOI: 10.13738/j.issn.1671-8097.017144.
	JIANG S S, HE Z J, WEN H. Analysis of electro-thermal model and simulation on temperature field for lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2018, 17(3): 238-245. DOI: 10.13738/j.issn.1671-8097.017144.
5	沈华平, 竺玉强, 杨梓堙, 等. 锂离子电池模组液冷散热设计[J]. 电源技术, 2022, 46(3): 271-275.
	SHEN H P, ZHU Y Q, YANG Z Y, et al. Lithium-ion battery module liquid cooling heat dissipation design[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 46(3): 271-275.
6	XIE J H, GE Z J, ZANG M Y, et al. Structural optimization of lithium-ion battery pack with forced air cooling system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 126: 583-593. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.143.
7	RAO Z H, QIAN Z, KUANG Y, et al. Thermal performance of liquid cooling based thermal management system for cylindrical lithium-ion battery module with variable contact surface[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 123: 1514-1522. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.059.
8	ZHAO R, GU J J, LIU J. Optimization of a phase change material based internal cooling system for cylindrical Li-ion battery pack and a hybrid cooling design[J]. Energy, 2017, 135: 811-822. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.168.
9	KARIMI G, AZIZI M, BABAPOOR A. Experimental study of a cylindrical lithium ion battery thermal management using phase change material composites[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2016, 8: 168-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2016.08.005.
10	SHAH K, MCKEE C, CHALISE D, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of core cooling of Li-ion cells using heat pipes[J]. Energy, 2016, 113: 852-860. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.076.
11	LU M Y, ZHANG X L, JI J, et al. Research progress on power battery cooling technology for electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 27: 101155. DOI: 10.1016/j.est. 2019. 101155.
12	JARRETT A, KIM I Y. Influence of operating conditions on the optimum design of electric vehicle battery cooling plates[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 245: 644-655. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.114.
13	刘显茜, 孙安梁, 田川. 基于仿生翅脉流道冷板的锂离子电池组液冷散热[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2266-2273. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0670.
	LIU X X, SUN A L, TIAN C. Research on liquid cooling and heat dissipation of lithium-ion battery pack based on bionic wings vein channel cold plate[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2266-2273. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239. 2021. 0670.
14	SUN G Q, LI Z Q, WANG F, et al. Study on cooling of bionic leaf-vein channel liquid-cooled plate for lithium-ion battery pack[J]. Thermal Science, 2024, 28(5 Part A): 3907-3919. DOI: 10.2298/tsci231030110s.
15	WANG Y C, XU X B, LIU Z W, et al. Optimization of liquid cooling for prismatic battery with novel cold plate based on butterfly-shaped channel[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 73: 109161. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.109161.
16	SAMEER MAHMOUD N, MOHAMMAD JAFFAL H, ABDULNABI IMRAN A. Performance evaluation of serpentine and multi-channel heat sinks based on energy and exergy analyses[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 186: 116475. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116475.
17	ZHANG F R, TAO Y B, HE Y X, et al. Optimization and thermal characterization of a new liquid-cooled plate with branching channels of fractal geometry[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 254: 123881. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123881.
18	魏士飞. 高密度锂电池组内部热环境模拟研究[D]. 郑州: 中原工学院, 2016.
	WEI S F. Study on thermal environment simulation of high density lithium battery[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhongyuan University of Technology, 2016.
19	李志强, 孙广强, 巴义春, 等. 锂离子电池仿生叶脉流道冷板散热研究[J]. 低温与超导, 2023, 51(8): 69-75. DOI: 10.16711/j.1001-7100.2023.08.011.
	LI Z Q, SUN G Q, BA Y C, et al. Research on heat dissipation of lithium-ion battery pack based on bionic leaf vein channel cold plate[J]. Cryogenics & Superconductivity, 2023, 51(8): 69-75. DOI: 10.16711/j.1001-7100.2023.08.011.

项目	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	热导率/[W/(m·K)]
冷却液	1071	3300	0.384
电池单体	1760	1108	3.91/3.91/23

时间/s	功率/W生发	体热源密度/(W/m³)	时间/s	功率/W	体热源密度/(W/m³)
0	0.227	6581	2160	0.465	13481
360	0.257	7450	2520	0.566	16409
720	0.196	5682	2880	0.623	18061
1080	0.054	1565	3240	0.293	8494
1440	0.085	2464	3600	0.513	14872
1800	0.168	4870	3960	0.426	12350
2160	0.289	8378	4320	0.395	11451

[1]	刘顺新, 许令平, 张建兴, 曾光, 李昊阳. 基于双通道并行串联式液冷板下锂电池温升特性数值分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(4): 1496-1506.
[2]	谭鋆, 丁若晨, 周晓宇, 蔺新星, 苏文, 徐波, 吴宏. 液冷数据中心余热驱动的“热泵-跨临界CO₂ 发电”卡诺电池热力性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(4): 1471-1480.
[3]	陈悦林, 马宏忠, 朱沐雨, 宣文婧, 王思涵. 磷酸铁锂电池组在电网调峰工况下的液冷技术研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2704-2712.
[4]	孙琦, 彭豪, 孟庆国, 孔德凯, 冯睿. 极限工况下储能电池包热适应性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 2039-2043.
[5]	张雅新, 张泉, 娄旭静, 周浩, 陈志文, 龙刚. 集装箱式储能电站两相冷板液冷系统的温控效果研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 1921-1928.
[6]	唐盼春, 严嵘, 张灿, 孙泽. 堆叠式车载超级电容器热管理方式分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 483-491.
[7]	廖琪, 曹小林, 邓谊柏, 杨耀林, 陈挺. 有轨电车超级电容模组液冷散热仿真分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 702-711.
[8]	朱鹏杰, 李伟, 张楚, 宋浩, 李贝贝, 刘秀梅, 刘利利. 基于正交实验的双流体喷雾对电池包内热失控锂电池降温效果研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 4177-4186.
[9]	吴超, 王罗亚, 袁子杰, 马昌龙, 叶季蕾, 吴宇平, 刘丽丽. 液冷散热技术在电化学储能系统中的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3596-3612.
[10]	张斌洋, 任晓龙, 赵江铭, 丁顺良. 锂离子电池双螺旋结构流道液冷板数值优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3545-3555.
[11]	王宏建, 赖永春, 苏先进, 曾春保, 许林毅. 在极端运行环境下的新型能源建设项目的解决方案[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(7): 2349-2354.
[12]	马敬轩, 宋宇航, 石爽, 吕娜伟, 尹康涌, 王桂荣, 杜开源, 金阳. 基于气压信号突变探测的液冷型磷酸铁锂电池模组热失控预警研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(7): 2246-2255.
[13]	刘书琴, 王小燕, 张振东, 段振霞. 锂离子电池组液冷式热管理系统的设计及优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(7): 2155-2165.
[14]	陈雅, 范立云, 李晶雪, 李美斯, 徐超, 顾远琪. 二次流蛇形通道锂离子电池散热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(6): 1880-1889.
[15]	张越, 孔得朋, 平平. 液冷板抑制锂离子电池组热失控蔓延性能及优化设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(8): 2432-2441.