锂离子电池双螺旋结构流道液冷板数值优化

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0273

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液冷系统具有高热导率和高比热容，而液冷板在液冷系统中至关重要，液冷板内部流道的结构状态直接影响锂离子电池的最高温度、温度均匀性和温度一致性。为了实现在5C放电速率、环境温度为299.15 K的工作情况下，电池最高温度和温差在安全工作范围内的目标，本工作设计了一种由余弦函数组成的双螺旋状流道液冷板，以电池最高温度和温差为评价指标，运用Ansys Fluent有限元分析软件研究了双螺旋流道不同函数振幅、入口流速、函数周期和流道宽度对冷板散热性能的影响，然后采用正交试验和极差分析对4种影响因素进行重要程度排序。结果表明：入口流速和流道函数周期能够显著影响锂离子电池的最高温度、温度均匀性和温度一致性；增加入口流速、流道宽度和流道函数周期，锂离子电池的最高温度和温差均减小，温度均匀性得到提升；函数振幅对电池温度影响最小。确定了最优结构的组合为振幅25 mm、入口流速0.2 m/s、周期2、流道宽度5 mm。与初始结构相比，优化后的结构电池组最高温度和温差分别降低了2.36 K和1.27 K。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 液冷板, 双螺旋结构流道, 余弦函数, 正交试验

Abstract:

A liquid cooling system offers high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, making the liquid cooling plate is a crucial component within the system. The design and structural of the internal flow channels within the cooling plate directly influence the maximum temperature, temperature uniformity, and overall temperature consistency of the lithium-ion battery. To ensure that the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery remain within the safe operating range under the a 5C discharge rate and an ambient temperature of 299.15 K, this study designs a double-helix shaped flow channel for a liquid cooling plate based on a cosine function. The evaluation indexes include the battery's maximum temperature and temperature difference. Using Ansys Fluent finite element analysis software, the study investigates the effects of various parameters—such as function amplitude, inlet flow rates, function periods, and channel widths—on the heat dissipation performance of the cooling plate. The four influencing factors are then ranked in order of importance through orthogonal tests and range analysis. The results indicate that the inlet flow rate and runner function period significantly impact the maximum temperature, temperature uniformity, and temperature consistency of lithium-ion batteries. By increasing the inlet flow rate, runner width, and function period, the maximum temperature and temperature difference are reduced, leading to improved temperature uniformity. The function amplitude has the least effect on battery temperature. The optimal structure was determined to have a function amplitude of 25 mm, an inlet flow rate of 0.2 m/s, a period of 2, and a runner width of 5 mm. Compared to the initial structure, the optimized design reduced the battery pack's maximum temperature by 2.36 K and temperature difference by 1.27 K.

Key words: lithium ion batteries, liquid-cooled plate, double helix structured runner, cosine function, orthogonal test

中图分类号:

TM 911

张斌洋, 任晓龙, 赵江铭, 丁顺良. 锂离子电池双螺旋结构流道液冷板数值优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3545-3555.

Binyang ZHANG, Xiaolong REN, Jiangming ZHAO, Shunliang DING. Numerical optimization of a liquid cooling plate with double helix flow channel for lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3545-3555.

图/表 19

表1

锂离子电池参数"

属性	数值
密度/( $k g / m 3$ )	2450
比热容/[ $J / (k g ∙ K$ )]	1108
热导率/[ $W / (m ∙ K$ )]	3.9
单个锂离子电池放出热量/( $W / m 3$ )	240000
初始温度/ $K$	299.15
长度/ $m m$	118
宽度/ $m m$	63
高度/ $m m$	13

表1

图1

表2

材料性能参数"

属性	铝	水
密度/( $k g / m 3$ )	2719	998.2
导热系数/[ $W / (m ∙ K$ )]	202.4	0.6
比热容/[ $J / (k g ∙ K$ ]	871	4182
动力黏度/( $P a ∙ s$ )	—	0.001003

表2

图2

图3

图4

表3

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表4

表5

表6

表7

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流道	最高温度/K	温差/K	流道最大流速/(m/s)
非对称式余弦流道	306.58	4.14	0.18
对称式余弦流道	306.54	4.00	0.18
低振幅双螺旋流道	306.72	4.20	0.22
高振幅双螺旋流道	305.14	3.73	0.22

水平	A/mm	V/(m/s)	T/mm	W/mm
1	23	0.08	0.5	3.5
2	24	0.12	1	4
3	25	0.16	1.5	4.5
4	26	0.2	2	5

编号	A/mm	V/(m/s)	T/mm	W/mm	T_max/K	ΔT/K
1	23	0.08	0.5	3.5	309.70	5.22
2	23	0.12	1	4	305.87	3.73
3	23	0.16	1.5	4.5	303.91	2.92
4	23	0.2	2	5	302.87	2.52
5	24	0.08	1	4.5	306.86	4.15
6	24	0.12	0.5	5	306.55	4.31
7	24	0.16	2	3.5	304.16	3.13
8	24	0.2	1.5	4	303.68	2.68
9	25	0.08	1.5	5	305.58	3.83
10	25	0.12	2	4.5	304.16	3.21
11	25	0.16	0.5	4	306.43	4.21
12	25	0.2	1	3.5	304.69	3.09
13	26	0.08	2	4	305.97	4.23
14	26	0.12	1.5	3.5	305.34	3.58
15	26	0.16	1	5	304.28	3.21
16	26	0.2	0.5	4.5	305.42	3.89

评价指标	极差	A	V	T	W
最高温度的极差分析/K	k₁_j	305.59	307.03	307.03	305.97
	k₂_j	305.31	305.48	305.43	305.49
	k₃_j	305.22	304.70	304.63	305.09
	k₄_j	305.25	304.17	304.29	304.82
	R_j	0.37	2.86	2.74	1.15

温差的极差分析/K	k₁_j	3.60	4.36	4.41	3.76
	k₂_j	3.57	3.71	3.55	3.71
	k₃_j	3.59	3.37	3.25	3.54
	k₄_j	3.73	3.05	3.27	3.47
	R_j	0.16	1.31	1.16	0.29

方案	最高温度/K	温差/K
A3V4T4W4	302.78	2.46
A2V4T3W4	303.14	2.45
初始方案	305.14	3.73