骨架型材料与设计在高比能锂电池中的应用研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1235

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 1758-1775.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1235

骨架型材料与设计在高比能锂电池中的应用研究进展

贺瑞璘¹(), 张通¹, 吴镓淳¹, 王朝阳³, 邓永红¹, 张光照¹(), 许晓雄²()

^1.南方科技大学材料科学与工程系
^2.南方科技大学创新创业学院，广东深圳 518055
^3.华南理工大学材料学院，广东广州 510641

收稿日期:2024-12-26 修回日期:2025-01-15 出版日期:2025-05-28 发布日期:2025-05-21
通讯作者: 张光照,许晓雄 E-mail:12331186@mail.sustech.edu.cn;zhanggz@sustech.edu.cn;xuxx@sustech.edu.cn
作者简介:贺瑞璘（1998—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为高能量密度锂电池研究，E-mail：12331186@mail.sustech.edu.cn；
基金资助:
广东省重点实验室(2018B030322001);国家自然科学基金(22305115)

Design of scaffold materials and their application in lithium batteries

Ruilin HE¹(), Tong ZHANG¹, Jiachun WU¹, Chaoyang WANG³, Yonghong DENG¹, Guangzhao ZHANG¹(), Xiaoxiong XU²()

^1.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
^2.School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
^3.Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China

Received:2024-12-26 Revised:2025-01-15 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2025-05-21
Contact: Guangzhao ZHANG, Xiaoxiong XU E-mail:12331186@mail.sustech.edu.cn;zhanggz@sustech.edu.cn;xuxx@sustech.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以石墨为负极的锂离子电池能量密度逐渐接近其理论极限，但仍然难以满足人们对更高能量密度锂电池的追求。具有更高比容量的硅基负极锂离子电池、锂硫电池和锂金属电池能够实现能量密度的飞跃，但其循环稳定性和安全性问题亟需解决。高比容量电极材料的使用必然带来更多的体积效应，这给电池制备及稳定运行带来极大挑战。骨架材料作为一种三维材料具有良好可调性、优异的机械强度和多孔性，为缓解高比容电极材料的体积效应提供无限可能。本文介绍了骨架材料的具体分类，分析了高比容量电池不同组件所面临的挑战，综述了骨架材料在锂电池正极、隔膜、电解质、负极等领域的具体应用，深入探讨了骨架材料在电池不同构件中应用的原理及利弊，剖析了骨架材料在锂电池领域进一步发展所面临的关键问题与严峻挑战，并对骨架材料未来的研究方向进行了展望，旨在为推动骨架材料促进电池技术的不断进步提供有益的参考与借鉴。

关键词: 骨架材料, 分子骨架材料, 多孔膜材料, 高比能, 锂电池

Abstract:

The energy density of lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes is nearing its theoretical limit but still falls short of the demand for higher-energy-density batteries. Lithium-ion batteries with silicon-based anodes, lithium-sulfur batteries, and lithium-metal batteries, which offer higher specific capacities, can achieve a leap in energy density. However, these batteries face critical challenges in cycle stability and safety that must be urgently addressed. The use of electrode materials with high specific capacities inevitably leads to greater volume changes, posing significant challenges to battery preparation and stable operation. Scaffold materials offer excellent tunability, mechanical strength, and porosity, making them a promising solution for mitigating volume effects in high-specific-capacity electrode materials. This review classifies scaffold materials, analyzes the challenges faced by different components in high-specific-capacity batteries, and examines their applications in the cathode, separator, electrolyte, and anode of lithium-ion batteries. It discusses the working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of scaffold materials for different battery components. It also identifies key issues and severe challenges to advancing scaffold materials in the field of lithium batteries. Ultimately, it highlights potential future research directions for scaffold materials. This review aims to provide valuable insights and reference outputs for promoting the continuous advancement of battery technology through scaffold materials.

Key words: scaffold materials, molecular scaffold materials, porous membrane, high-energy, lithium batteries

中图分类号:

TM 912

贺瑞璘, 张通, 吴镓淳, 王朝阳, 邓永红, 张光照, 许晓雄. 骨架型材料与设计在高比能锂电池中的应用研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 1758-1775.

Ruilin HE, Tong ZHANG, Jiachun WU, Chaoyang WANG, Yonghong DENG, Guangzhao ZHANG, Xiaoxiong XU. Design of scaffold materials and their application in lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1758-1775.

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骨架型材料与设计在高比能锂电池中的应用研究进展

Design of scaffold materials and their application in lithium batteries

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