Technology feasibility and economic analysis of Na-ion battery energy storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0066

Abstract

Abstract:

Energy-storage technology is a critical technology for the construction of energy Internet, which is important for ensuring stable operation of power grids, optimizing energy transmission, absorbing clean energy, and improving power quality. Electrochemical energy-storage technology, which enjoys the advantages of small geographic-location restrictions and short construction period, is one of the mainstream energy-storage technologies. Currently, the most mature electrochemical energy-storage technology is lithium-ion battery. However, the shortage in lithium resources can alone limit the popularization of electric vehicles and large-scale energy-storage applications. Sodium-ion batteries have become the current research focus in energy-storage technology owing to rich sodium resources, low cost, high-energy conversion efficiency, long cycle life, low maintenance costs, and other advantages. This study analyzes the technical feasibility and technical economy of Na-ion battery energy-storage technology and compares it with the current mainstream energy-storage technologies. The advantages of Na-ion battery in the field of large-scale energy storage are analyzed in terms of the cost per kiloWatt-hour. A demonstration of a 1 MW·h Na-ion battery energy-storage system is also briefly introduced. Meanwhile, some views and suggestions on the application of Na-ion battery in energy-storage power stations are provided.

Key words: Na-ion battery, energy-storage system, technical feasibility, economic analysis, cost per kiloWatt-hour

CLC Number:

TM 911

ZHANG Ping, KANG Libin, WANG Mingju, ZHAO Guang, LUO Zhenhua, TANG Kun, LU Yaxiang, HU Yongsheng. Technology feasibility and economic analysis of Na-ion battery energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1892-1901.

Figures/Tables 10

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Table 1

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参数	铅蓄电池	磷酸铁锂	三元锂电池	钠离子电池	数据来源
标称储能容量E_n/kWh	1000	10000	10000	10000	设定值
初始容量投资成本C_E/(元/kWh)	500～800	1000～1300	1200～1600	700～900	[15]
初始功率投资成本C_P/(元/kW)	300～500	320～420	400～500	400～500	[15]
单位容量维护成本O&M/%	4.60	3.70	5.00	3.70	[16]
循环次数/次	3700～4200	4000～6000	2500～3000	4000～5000	[17]
折现率r/%	8	8	8	8	[18]
储能循环效率η_cyc/%	75～80	86～90	88～90	84～90	—
放电深度θ_DOD/%	70	90	100	100	—
年循环平均衰退率θ_deg/(%/a)	3.60	1.50	3.60	1.50	[19]
年运行次数n(t)/次	365	365	365	365	设定值
充电电价P_C/(元/kWh)	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261	[20]

项目	铅蓄电池	磷酸铁锂	三元锂电池	钠离子电池
计及电力损耗时的度电成本/元	0.950～1.234	0.739～0.873	1.070～1.290	0.512～0.590
不计电力损耗时的度电成本(弃风弃光消纳)/元	0.850～1.130	0.700～0.834	1.404～1.260	0.465～0.543
不计电力损耗且折现率为0时的度电成本/元	0.629～0.806	0.469～0.543	0.820～0.980	0.320～0.366

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