The effect of particle size on the composition and microstructure of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 electrolyte deposited by air plasma spraying

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0325

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices. However, traditional lithium-ion batteries face safety risks due to flammable organic liquid electrolytes and are limited by their energy density. All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLiBs) are emerging as a safer and more energy-dense alternative, offering improved electrochemical cycle performance and long-term stability. A critical challenge for ASSLiBs is the cost-effective fabrication of solid electrolytes. NASICON-type Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ (LATP) material has attracted wide attention due to its high ionic conductivity and stability under humidity conditions. Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is a low-cost and high-efficiency coating technology that involves heating and accelerating powder materials with a plasma jet to form continuous deposits on a substrate. This study investigates the preparation of LATP splats and deposits via APS, focusing on how spray parameters and particle size affect P content and the microstructure of the deposits. Results show that plasma arc power has a significant effect on the melting degree of LATP particles, with the fraction of completely melted particles increasing with the increase of the arc power. When the arc power increases from 34 kW to 42 kW, the fraction of fully-molten splats grows from 32.9% to 53.5%, and the maximum particle size increases from 34.3 μm to 48.5 μm. Additionally, P preferentially evaporates during plasma spraying, with a particle size effect on P loss when particle size is smaller than 25 μm. Smaller particles leads to greater P evaporation, with the lowest loss of 5% observed at 34 kW arc power, increasing to 10% at 42 kW. The particle size distribution also has a significant effect on the microstructure of plasma-sprayed LATP deposits. Dense electrolytes are achieved using the powder A with a particle size range of 30—50 μm at an arc power of 42 kW. The phase structure of LATP deposits remains consistent with that of the starting powder, indicating that plasma spraying does not alter its phase structure. These results underscore the potential of APS for large-scale preparation of LATP electrolytes.

Key words: all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, plasma spraying, electrolyte, LATP, preferential vaporization, particle size effect

CLC Number:

TM 911

Siqi XIONG, Xiaochen BU, Xiaotao LUO, Changjiu LI. The effect of particle size on the composition and microstructure of Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ electrolyte deposited by air plasma spraying[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3307-3318.

Figures/Tables 14

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喷涂参数	LATP单个粒子	LATP沉积体
电弧功率/kW	34、38、42	42
氩气流量/slpm^①	45	45
喷涂距离/mm	80	80
喷枪移动速度/(mm/s)	1000	450
粉末粒径/μm	20~100	30~50、50~60
沉积温度/℃	300	300

项目	原始粉末	喷涂态沉积体
O原子含量/%	75.52	73.92
Al原子含量/%	1.68	2.35
P原子含量/%	14.47	14.03
Ti原子含量/%	8.33	9.70
P/Ti	1.74	1.45

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The effect of particle size on the composition and microstructure of Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ electrolyte deposited by air plasma spraying

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功率/kW	可熔化最大粒径/μm	完全熔化比/%
34	34.3	32.9
38	42.2	40.4
42	48.5	53.5