Simulation study on fire suppression in lithium-ion battery energy storage systems

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0446

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the high risks and costs associated with fire and explosion tests, simulated investigations of fire characteristics and suppression performance in energy storage systems are crucial. This study establishes a full-scale simulation model for a 20-foot energy storage container using Fire Dynamics Simulator software. The research analyzes the fire propagation process within the battery system and examines the diffusion patterns of typical gases, including CO₂, H₂, and CO. Results indicate that the concentrations of H₂, and CO at the center of the fire source can exceed 1000 ppm(1 ppm=10^-4%), whereas concentrations at the container's corners range from 24 to 183 ppm. Additionally, the temperature and distribution of characteristic gases stabilize within 10 seconds, exhibiting a distinct stratification phenomenon. The water spray system demonstrates a significant cooling effect, rapidly reducing temperatures from 791 ℃ to below 330 ℃. However, the use of water spray can lead to incomplete combustion of the ignited battery box, resulting in an increased concentration of combustible gases in localized areas of the energy storage system. This study aims to provide a simulation-based approach for the safety design and fire prevention strategies of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems.

Key words: energy storage system, lithium-ion battery, fire propagation, fire dynamics simulator, water spray

CLC Number:

TM 911

Dongxing YU, Huang LI, Mingshuai HUO, Zhixin LI, Qiang LI. Simulation study on fire suppression in lithium-ion battery energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 3898-3905.

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位置	X	Y	Z
着火电池箱	2.7~3.2 m	1.3~2.0 m	0.45~0.65 m
喷头1	3.0 m	1.2 m	2.5 m
喷头2	1.0 m	1.2 m	2.5 m
喷头3	5.0 m	1.2 m	2.5 m

探测点	X	Y	Z
L0	3.0 m	2.0 m	0.65 m
L1	3.0 m	0.6 m	2.4 m
L2	1.0 m	0.6 m	2.4 m
L3	5.0 m	0.6 m	2.4 m

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