Research on the influence of key factors on the temperature characteristics of energy storage immersing lithium-ion battery pack

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0638

Abstract

Abstract:

With the continuous iteration and innovation of the thermal management technology of energy storage batteries, direct immersing liquid cooling technology has shown immense application potential. Compared with the indirect cold plate liquid cooling technology, the direct immersing liquid cooling technology has significantly improved battery heat transfer and temperature equalization. Although there is a continuous emergence of relevant research on immersing battery pack cooling, systematic induction and comprehensive studies on the impact of key influencing factors on immersing battery systems remain insufficient. Therefore, the effects of coolant type, cell heat value, and flow channel on the temperature characteristics were investigated using numerical simulations based on a self-developed novel immersing battery pack system. The research indicated that the fluorinated solution exhibits the best temperature performance as immersing coolant, followed by silicone and mineral oils. The key parameter that determines the performance of the coolant is the fluid kinematic viscosity. Compared with the cold plate technology, the immersing technology showed better cooling performance at low, medium, and high charge and discharge ratios, more significantly in medium and high cell heat value conditions. The maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference, and maximum temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the immersing battery pack decreased by 27.26 ℃, 1.76 ℃, and 32.03 ℃, respectively. The flow channel significantly improves the temperature performance of the battery pack. Compared with the battery pack without a flow channel, the maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference, and maximum temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the battery pack with a flow channel decreased by 3.34 ℃, 2.65 ℃, and 1.54 ℃, respectively. It improves the uniformity of the coolant distribution by changing the spatial distribution of the flow lines in the battery pack. This research offers a reference and summarizes the heat flow field for the thermal design of immersing battery packs and the selections of cells and coolants for future applications.

Key words: energy storage battery, immersing cooling, liquid coolant, heat value, flow channel

CLC Number:

TM 912

Yuefeng LI, Weida DING, Yintao WEI, Yong SUN, Qing RAO, Feng XIANG, Yingcong YAO. Research on the influence of key factors on the temperature characteristics of energy storage immersing lithium-ion battery pack[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 152-161.

Figures/Tables 22

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Table 1

Table 2

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Table 3

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Table 4

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Table 5

The values of kinematic viscosity of the three coolant under diiferent temperature"

温度/℃	氟化液/(mm $2$ /s)	硅油/(mm $2$ /s)	矿物质油/(mm $2$ /s)
0	0.42	24.38	50.76
5	0.39	20.57	38.94
10	0.37	15.45	30.51
15	0.35	12.35	24.34
20	0.32	9.96	19.75
25	0.31	8.02	16.27
30	0.30	6.75	13.59
35	0.29	5.62	11.48
40	0.28	4.65	9.81

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

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冷却液	运动黏度/(mm²/s)	密度/(kg/m³)	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]
氟化液	0.32	1400	0.075	1300
硅油	10	940	0.134	1800
矿物质油	20	805	0.136	2150

倍率	最大发热量/W
0.25 C	4.1
0.5 C	12.1
1 C	39.2

网格方案参数	方案1	方案2	方案3	方案4
网格数量/万	723	1 251	1 722	2 238
电池均温/℃	23.12	24.87	25.32	25.34

温度/℃	氟化液/[W/(m·K)]	硅油/[W/(m·K)]	矿物质油/[W/(m·K)]
0	0.0798	0.136	0.138
5	0.0788	0.135	0.137
10	0.0778	0.135	0.137
15	0.0769	0.135	0.137
20	0.0759	0.134	0.136
25	0.0749	0.134	0.136
30	0.0739	0.134	0.136
35	0.0729	0.133	0.135
40	0.0720	0.133	0.135

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